The material used in pistons should have good cast ability like high strength, high hot strength, high strength-to-mass ratio, good resistance to surface abrasion, good thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion.
Piston rings are broadly-compression rings and control (scraper) rings. Piston rings are made of high quality cast-iron with certain percentage of carbon, chromium, nickel and molybdenum.
Connecting Rods are made from steel forgings, but malleable or spheroid-graphite iron casting or sinter forgings are beginning to be used for smaller engines. These normally have either serrated or groove-and-tongue joints. Split half-shell thin-wall bearings are incorporated in the big-end housing bore.
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