Type 316 is an electric furnace processed modification of Type 302: It contains 18% chromium, 10-14% nickel; and 2-3% molybdenum. This addition of molybdenum increases both the corrosion resistance and the high temperature strength of this alloy. This most outstanding advantage of this addition is the increased corrosion resistance to reducing acids and pitting or pin hole corrosion. In general, Type 316 is known as the major all-round corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel available. Under extremely elevated temperatures, Type 316 proves itself to possess remarkable creep and rupture strength. This non-heat treatable, non magnetic alloy possesses excellent cold forming and drawing properties, making it suitable for a wide range of application. Type 316L us an extra low carbon modification of Type 316 recommended for use during welding operation. The low carbon factor eliminates the possibility of harmful carbide precipitation in the 800#F to 1500#F range.
Application : Type 316 and Type 316L find its greatest use in the chemical, textile, paper, pharmaceutical and photographic industries because of its excellent resistance to chemical corrosion. It also find use where the combination of corrosion resistance and its extremely high strength at elevated temperatures is necessary.
Corrosion Resistance : Type 316 is known to be more resistance to atmospheric and chemical corrosion than any other grade of stainless steels. Maximum Corrosion resistance may be obtained by fully annealing this alloy. If the application calls for welding. Type 316L should be used, as it is highly resistant to carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion which usually occurs at high temperatures.
Ball and Roller Bearings, Spinning tools, Beading Rolls, Punches and Dies. Use : By its character this type of steel has high resisting nature against wear and can be used for components which are subjected to severe abrasion, wear or high surface loading.
DESCRIPTION 317L is a molybdenum bearing austenitic chromium nickel steel similar to type 316 except the alloy content in 317L is somewhat higher. It has superior corrosion resistance in special applications where it is desired to reduce contamination to a minimum. 317L was developed primarily to resist more effectively the attack of sulfurous acid compounds. However, its proven ability to combat corrosion has widened its use considerably and is now being used for many other industrial applications. The low carbon content of 317L provides immunity to intergranular corrosion in applications where heavy cross-sections cannot be annealed after welding or where low temperature stress relieving treatments are desired.
DESIGN FEATURES
A molybdenum bearing austenitic chromium nickel steel with an alloy content somewhat higher than the 316 grades.
Superior corrosion resistance in difficult environments.
Higher creep, stress-to-rupture and tensile strengths than other stainless steels.
Reduced intergranular precipitation of chromium carbides during welding and stress relieving as well as minimized possibility of corrosion failure from intergranular attack due to low carbon content.
Resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion making 317L a successful life-cost product in a variety of highly corrosive environments.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Flue gas desulfurization scrubber systems Chemical and petro-chemical processing equipment Pulp and paper plants Food processing equipment Textile equipment
Basic grade of stainless steel. Good resistance to high temperature oxidation up to 900 C, Very good mechanical strength and creep resistance. Main applications : Pipe and heat exchanger tubes for chemical and petrochemical industries and for boilers.
Axie shafts, Crank shafts, gears Connecting rods, Studs, Bolts, Propeller shaft joint. Use :Suitable for heat treated parts where high tensile and impact are required along with high endurance bending strength.
Aircraft and heavy vehicle crank shafts, Connecting rods, Gear shafts, Chain parts, Clutches, Propeller shafts, Cam shafts, Spindles Screws, Studs, Pinions, tappets, Boring bars. Use : Preferred to be applied for heat treated components having large sections and subject to exacting requirements.
Aircraft and heavy vehicle crank shafts, Connecting rods, Gear shafts, Chain parts, Clutches, Propeller shafts, Cam shafts, Spindles Screws, Studs, Pinions, tappets, Boring bars. Use : More suitable for extra ordinary high toughness purposes.
Disc wheels, Grooved shafts, Cams, Gears, Heavy duty gears for air craft, Heavy vehicle and automobile transmission parts, General engineering works, Universal joints. Use : Mainly used for highly stressed machine parts which are intended for cementation with high strength and core toughness.
Type 310310S is an austenitic heat resisting alloy with an excellent resistance to oxidation unde4r mildly cyclic conditions to 2000#F. Rapid thermal cycling increase the rate of metal wastage somewhat by spalling of the protective oxide scale. The oxidation resistance of A1.310 is significantly better than that of A1.309.
The chromium content of A1.310 provides resistance to Aqueous corrosion under oxidizing conditions. A1.310 is susceptible to chloride ion stress corrosion cracking but is superior in this respect to the lower alloy stainless 304 and 316 A1.310 has fair resistance to polythionic acid attack. Resistance to intergranular attack of material intended for service in the 850 to 1000#F range may be improved by thermal stabilization at 1550-1650F for four hours.
Application : A1.31o is widely used in moderately carburising atmosphere such as encountered in petrochemical environments.
Corrosion Resistance : This grade posses excellent corrosion resistance and withstands scaling at temperatures up to 2000+F. Its corrosion resistance ereaches maximum in the annealed condition.
TYPE 302 is the fundamental alloy of the austenitic class. It is commonly known as 18-8: 18% chromium: 8% nickel : and it is the most commonly used of all the stainless grades. Type 302 is non-hear treatable, but cold working considerably increases both its hardness and tensile strength. Type 302 in the cold state offers great versatility of workability because of its toughness and ductility and can be Tigorously spoun, rolled drawn or machined. It offer outstanding weldability. It is extremely resistant to corrosion, and retains an untarnished silvery surface. It is also resistant to heat oxidation. Drawback of Type 302 is that of sensitization under extreme conditions, carbride precepitation may occur. Type 302 alleviates this problem by decreasing the carbon content and thereby eliminating the possibility of intergranular corrosion. This low carbon alloy is most often utilized for applications requiring welding. An extra low carbon alloy type 304L is also available for especially severe welding applications, type 304L has the capacity to avert any detrimental precipitation in the extreme 800#F 1650#F. range.
Applications : Both types are extremely popular in the food and dairy industries and for use in pharmaceutical equipment. It is exceedingly useful in applications where good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are essential. It is highly desirable for products such instrumentation where non-magnetism is fundamental. These grades are available in a wide range of forms and finishers.
Corrosion Resistance : Type 302, 304 and 304L exhibit good corrosion resistant qualities, particularly those, corrosions caused by atmospheric conditions pr chemicals. They lose some resistance at temperatures of about 750#F to 1500#F due to carbide precipitation. Type 304L however, has excellent corrosion capabilities within this temperature range because of its low carbon content, Maximum corrosion resistance in all these grades can be achieved by annealing.
DESCRIPTION 310S has excellent resistance to oxidation under constant temperatures to 2000 deg. F. Cyclic conditions reduce its oxidation resistance, and a maximum operating temperature of 1900 deg.F. is generally recommended if cycling is involved. Having a lower coefficient of expansion than most 300 stainless steels, 31OS may be used in operations involving moderately severe thermal cycling, such as rapid air cooling. It is not usually recommended for liquid quenching. Although 310S has less resistance to absorption of carbon and nitrogen than the higher alloys such as 330 and 333, it is widely used in moderately carburizing atmospheres such as encountered in petro-chem plants. Because of its high chromium and medium nickel contents, 310S may be used in atmospheres containing moderate amounts of sulfur.
DESIGN FEATURES
Austenitic stainless steel with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance.
Good for continuous exposure to 2100 deg.F. intermittent service to 1900 deg.F.
Better elevated temperature creep strength than the 18-8 grades.
Good resistance to both carburizing and reducing environments.
General corrosion resistance better than Types 304 and 309.
May be susceptible to chloride stress corrosion cracking.
Availability.
Ease of fabrication.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Heat exchanger and heat recuperator tubing Molten salt applications Sulfur bearing gas atmospheres
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
