Isotretinoin is a retinoid, which inhibits sebaceous gland function and keratinization. The exact mechanism of action of Isotretinoin is unknown. Clinical improvement in nodular acne patients occurs in association with a reduction in sebum secretion. The decrease in sebum secretion is temporary and is related to the dose and duration of treatment with Isotretinoin, and reflects a reduction in sebaceous gland size and an inhibition of sebaceous gland differentiation.

Each gram of MUPIBACT OINTMENT (mupirocin ointment), contains 20 mg mupirocin in a ointment base. Mupirocin is a naturally occurring antibiotic.

Clotrimazole in KANSEL DUSTING POWDER is a broad spectrum antifungal agent used for the treatment of dermal infections caused by various species of pathogenic dermatophytes, yeasts, and Malassezia furfur. The primary action of clotrimazole is against dividing & growing organisms. In vitro, clotrimazole exhibits fungistatic and fungicidal activity against isolates of Trichophyton rubrum , Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis and Candida species, including Candida albicans.

Tablets: A single oral dose of 250 mg terbinafine results in peak plasma concentrations of 0.97 mcgml within 2 hours of administration. The absorption half-life is 0.8 hours and the distribution half-life is 4-6 hours. The bioavailability of terbinafine is moderately affected by food, but not sufficiently to require dosing adjustments.

For use in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria and atopic and contact dermatoses, and in histamine-mediated pruritus : children under 6 years, 50 mg (5 tablespoons) daily in divided doses and over 6 years, 50-100 mg (5 to 10 tablespoons) daily in divided doses.

For use in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria and atopic and contact dermatoses, and in histamine-mediated pruritus : children under 6 years, 50 mg (5 tablespoons) daily in divided doses and over 6 years, 50-100 mg (5 to 10 tablespoons) daily in divided doses.

Clotrimazole belongs to the imidazole group of antifungals, having broad-spectrum activity against pathogenic dermatophytes (Tinea) and yeasts (Candida). Clotrimazole inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a major component of the cell membrane of yeast and fungal cells. This action alters the permeability of fungal cell walls. At higher concentration there is an additional mechanism of membrane damage unrelated to sterol synthesis. It also has some action against certain gram-positive bacteria, especially staphylococci, and against Trichomonas.

Ketoconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative has a potent antifungal activity against dermatophytes, such as Trichophyton sp., Epidermophyton sp., Microsporum sp., and yeasts such as Candida sp., Malessezia ovale (Pityrosporum ovale), and Malessezia furfur ( Pityrosporum orbiculare).

Topical application of HQ-3 (Hydroquinone 3%) produces a reversible depigmentation of the skin by inhibition of the enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine to 3, 4- dihydroxy phenylalanine (dopa) and suppression of other melanocyte metabolic process. Exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light will cause repigmentation of bleached areas.

OCTAMOP along with UVA penetrates the skin and causes cell injury. If sufficient cell injury occurs in the skin, an inflammatory reaction occurs. This is manifested as delayed erythema, which peaks at 48 72 hours. The inflammation is followed, over several days to weeks, by repair which is manifested by increased melanization of the epidermis, and thickening of the stratum corneum . The mechanisms of therapy are not known. In the treatment of vitiligo , it has been suggested that melanocytes in the hair follicle are stimulated to move up the follicle and to repopulate the epidermis.