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• Common NameChutro/ Daruhaldi
• Botanical NameBerberis aristata

• English NameButter tree
• Parts UsedFruit

The Chiuri tree is a medium sized tree native to Nepal. It grows mainly in the sub-Himalayan tracts on steep slopes, ravines and cliffs at an altitude of 400 to 1400 meters, particularly in the Chitawan district. Its botanical name is Diploknema butvracea Roxb syn. Bassia butyracea, syn. Madhuca butyracea, syn. Aesandra butyracea). It is also named “butter tree”. The main product of the tree is “ghee” or butter, extracted from the seeds and named “Chiuri ghee”. Uses: The potential use of Chiuri products is found in different fields such as confectionery, pharmaceutical, vegetable ghee production, candle manufacturing and soap making. It has been found to be effective for rheumatism. It is also used as an additive in animal ghee. The cake produced after processing of Chiuri is used as manure which has pesticide properties and is used on paddy fields (Rs 25pathi) and banana plantations. It is also used as a wormicide, nematicide, molluscicide, rodenticide and insecticide. The cake obtained during oil extraction from Chiuri can be used as crude fish poison substituting the dangerous chemical pesticides.

• Parts UsedTubers
• Habit and HabitatTropical region upto 3500 m.

Description: Twining or climbing herb; root tuberous, tubers variable, leaves 6 cm. in diameter, alternate, petiolate, cordate, entire, glabrous; flowers in spike, white Uses: Used in Piles, dysentry, syphilis and ulcers References: A compendium of Medicinal Plants in Nepal by Sushim Ranjan Baral and Puran Prasad Kurmi (October’ 2006)

• Parts UsedRoot

It grows one to two metres tall and prefers to take root in gravelly, rocky soils high up in piedmont plains, at 1, 300–1, 400 metres elevation). It was botanically described in 1799. Due to its multiple uses, the demand for Asparagus racemosus is constantly on the rise. Due to destructive harvesting, combined with habitat destruction, and deforestation, the plant is now considered ‘endangered’ in its natural habitat. Uses: aphrodisiac (vrshya), enhances lactation (stanya kara), promotes strength (balya), promotes intelligence(medhya), increases digestive capacity(agni kara), provides nourishment(pustikara), beneficial for eyes(netrya).

• Botanical NameAsphaltum
• Common NameShilajeet Pure Dry

• Botanical NameEmblica officianalis
• Common NameAmlaa, Auraa, Dhaatri, Amrit phal

Deciduous shrub or tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets small, sub-sessile, 9-12 mm long, pale green; stipules minute. Flowers greenish yellow, racemed on the branches, male flowers many; female flowers few. Fruit obscurely 6-lobed. Uses: Useful in harmorrhage, diarrhoea and dysentry, in combination with iron used for anemia, jaundice, dyspepsia, colic, flatulence, hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, skin diseases, leprosy, leucorrhoea, menorrhagia, cardiac disorders, intermittent fevers and greyness of hair. References: A compendium of Medicinal Plants in Nepal by Sushim Ranjan Baral and Puran Prasad Kurmi (October’ 2006)

• Parts UsedRhizome
• Botanical NameAcorus calamus

• Botanical NameAcacia rugata
• Parts UsedFruit

A large stragling shrub with more or less hooked prickles. Leaves 2-pinnate, pinnae 12-16, leaflets 30-50, membranous, 1-1.25 cm long; flowers in globose yellow heads, 1-1.25 cm across, arranged in panicle. Pods strap-shaped, straight, 7.6-10 cm long, thick and fleshy. Uses: Pod is purgative, anthelmintic, anti-diarrhoeal, emetic and diuretic; improves appetite, used in constipation, troubles of kidneys and the bladder; externally they are applied to leprous patches, prurigo, abscesses, eczema and bubos. The seeds are said to facilitate delivery during childbirth. Tender leaves are appetizer and used in hair loss.

• ApplicationAntipyretic, analgesic
• Parts UsedRhizome

Root binnial, paired, tuberous, conical 3-9 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, external surface brown or blackish; longitudinally wrinkled, fracture short transverse cut surface shows grey bark, stellate cambium, central pith, root hair straight or slightly curved

• Common NamePipala, Pipali, Murjhad
• Botanical NamePiper longum