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OLIBANUM Resin

495 - 1,250 /KG Get Latest Price
  • Type Industrial Resins, Resins
  • Application Industrial Use, Manufacturing Units
  • Shelf Life 2Yrs
  • Grade Industrial, Therapeutic
  • Color Creamy, Off-white, Yellow
  • Purity 90%, 99%
  • Form Liquid, Crystals
  • Style Prcoessed, Raw

Olibanum also known as Frankincense, is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, particularly Boswellia sacra, B. carteri, B. thurifera, B. frereana and B. bhaw-dajiana (Burseraceae). The English word is derived from Old French "franc encens" (i.e., high quality incense) and is used in incense and perfumes.There are four main species of Boswellia that produce true frankincense and resin from each of the four is available in various grades. The grades depend on the time of harvesting. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.Frankincense is mentioned in the Bible as one of the three gifts the wise men gave to the young child Jesus.Frankincense is tapped from the scraggly but hardy trees by slashing the bark, which is called striping, and allowing the exuded resin to bleed out and harden.

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Ambrette Seed

The botanical name of ambrette is hibiscus abelmoschus l. It is a tropical hibiscus with beautiful bright yellow flowers, and its distinctive seed pods look so similar to okra that the plant is sometimes referred to as musk okra or ornamental okra.

ambrette is native to india, where it is known as mushkdana or kasturi bhendi. The plant grows to just over a meter in height and is an evergreen shrub. When mature the pods split open to reveal kidney-shaped seeds that have a sweet, flowery, heavy fragrance.

Ambrette has long been appreciated in perfumery as one of the few plant oils that contains natural musk compounds, including one named after the plant, ambrettolide.

Many synthetic musks are cooked up in laboratories these days, but for people who care about natural products, there is no substitute for the natural.

Ambrette oil is expensive and rare because so much work goes into creating it. Unlike some oil crops where the plant leaves are used, ambrette oil is made only from seeds, which weigh very little and must be carefully gathered.

The seeds represent a tiny fraction of the biomass of the entire plant, and only a very small yield of essential oil is achieved -- 0.2% to 0.6% of the total weight of the seeds.

In natural perfumery, it can be used in a wide range of compositions including musk bases, amber accords, high class florals, oriental bouquets, incense perfumes, fougere, and new mown hay.

Ambrette oil is pale yellow, with an enchanting aroma described variously as sweet, rich, warm musky, fatty and nutty, with floral overtones.
after a short period of aging, more complex notes can emerge, such as wine, brandy, fruit, and tobacco. Like all musks, ambrette is a perfumery base note.
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Benzoin Resin

1,500 - 2,400 /KG Get Latest Price
  • Type Industrial Resins, Resins
  • Application Industrial Use, Manufacturing Units
  • Shelf Life 2Yrs
  • Style Prcoessed

Benzoin resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus styrax. It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, as a flavoring and medicine . Commonly called "benzoin" is also called "benzoin resin" here to distinguish it from the chemical compound benzoin. Benzoin is also called gum benzoin or gum benjamin. But "gum" is incorrect as benzoin is not a polysaccharide. Its name came via the italian from the arabic luban jawi. Benzoin resin is also called styrax balsam or styrax resin. But wrongly since those resins are obtained from a different plant family, hamamelidaceae. Benzoin was first reported in 1832 by justus von liebig and friedrich woehler during their research on oil of bitter almond which isbenzaldehyde with traces of hydrocyanic acid. Benzoin resin is a common ingredient in incense-making and perfumery because of its sweet vanilla-like aroma and fixative properties.gum benzoin is a major component of the type of church incense used in russia and some other orthodox christian societies as well as western catholic churches.

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Black Pepper

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit. Which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit known as a peppercorn when dried is approximately 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, dark red when fully mature and like all drupes contains a single seed.Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as pepper or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit). Green pepper (dried unripe fruit) and white pepper (unripe fruit seeds).

Black pepper is native to south India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper. Producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavor and as a medicine. Black pepper is the world's most traded spice. It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants.

The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine, not to be confused with the capsaicin that gives fleshy peppers theirs.The drupes are dried in the sun or by machine for several days. During which the pepper around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer.
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Cardamom

Cardamom refers to several plants of the similar genera Elettaria and Amomum in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan.

They are recognised by their small seed pods, triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped. With a thin, papery, outer shell and small black seeds.Guatemala is the biggest producer and exporter of cardamom in the world, followed by India.

Some other countries such as Sri Lanka have also begun to cultivate it. Elettaria pods are light green, while Amomum pods are larger and dark brown.It is the world's third-most expensive spice by weight.

Outstripped in market value only by saffron and vanilla.The word "cardamom" is derived from the Latin cardamomum a compound of kardamon which was the name for a kind of an Indian spice plant.

From the corresponding Dravidian root all modern names of cardamom in the major Dravidian languages are directly derived.
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CARTHAMUS

Carthamus (Sanskrit: kusumbha) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant. It is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds.

Plants are 30 to 150 cm (12 to 59 in) tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange, or red flowers.

Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head.

Safflower is native to arid environments having seasonal rain. It grows a deep taproot which enables it to thrive in such environments.

It is a minor crop today with about 600, 000 tons being produced commercially in more than sixty countries worldwide.

India, United States, and Mexico are the leading producers, with Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, China, the Arab World, Argentina and Australia accounting for most of the remainder.

Other names include Sallflower, Beni, Chimichanga, or Carthamus tinctorius.Traditionally, the crop was grown for its seeds, and used for coloring and flavoring foods.

In medicines, and making red (carthamin) and yellow dyes, especially before cheaper aniline dyes became available.
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Castoreum

Castoreum is the exudate from the castor sacs of the mature North American Beaver and the European Beaver within the zoological realm. Castoreum is derived from the Greek word Kastor meaning beaver. Castoreum is obtained from the animal source Caster Canadensis. The castor sacs are not true glands (endocrine or exocrine) on a cellular level, hence references to these structures as preputial glands or castor glands are misnomers. Castor sacs are a type of scent gland.

Castoreum is mentioned in the works of the ancient commentators who mistakenly believed this musky substance is derived from the beavers testicles. In his tales, Aesop, the prominent Greek fabulist, retells the widespread hunters fallacy that cornered beaver bites off its own testicles, only to throw them to the hunter and so escape the death.
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Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several trees from the genus Cinnamomum. That is used in both sweet and savoury foods. While Cinnamomum verum is sometimes considered to be "true cinnamon".Most cinnamon in international commerce is derived from related species, which are also referred to as "cassia" to distinguish them from "true cinnamon".

Cinnamon is the name for perhaps a dozen species of trees and the commercial spice products that some of them produce.All are members of the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. Only a few of them are grown commercially for spice.The name "cinnamon" comes through the Greek kinnamomon, possibly from Phoenician.In Hindi it is called dal chini. In Urdu it is called dar chini.In Sri Lanka, in Sinhala, cinnamon is known as kurundu and was recorded in English in the 17th century as "korunda". It is called karuva in Malayalam and Tamil. Another Tamil variant is Pattai.

In Indonesia, where it is cultivated in Java and Sumatra is called kayu manis ("sweet wood"). In several European languages, the word for cinnamon comes from the Latin word cannella, a diminutive of canna, "tube", from the way it curls up as it dries.The branches harvested this way are processed by scraping off the outer bark, then beating the branch evenly with a hammer to loosen the inner bark.
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Elemi

Canarium luzonicum commonly known as elemi is a tree native to the Philippines and an oleoresin harvested from it. The tree produces a resin, which is a pale yellow substance from which aromatic elemi oil is steam distilled. The same resin is also used as a herbal remedy from bronchitis, cough, mature skin, scars and wounds.

Elemi resin is a pale yellow substance, of honey-like consistency. Aromatic elemi oil is steam distilled from the resin. It is a fragrant resin with a sharp pine and lemon-like scent. One of the resin components is called amyrin.

Elemi resin is chiefly used commercially in varnishes, lacquers and certain printing inks. It is used as a herbal medicine to treat bronchitis, catarrh, extreme coughing, mature skin, scars, stress and wounds. The constituents include phellandrene, limonene, elemol, elemicin, terpineol, carvone and terpinolene.
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Hina

Hina is traditional Indian Perfume and is centuries old , the formulation or the method of production is very well kept and closely guarded. Handed over from generations.

The odour of Hina is spicy floral herbal mossy sweet.It is basically distillation of various Herbs , Spices , Florals , Musk , Amber over Sandalwood Oil.

Sandalwood Oil serves as a base and also works as a fixative. If a GCMS were to be done , Sandalwood Oil could make upto 95% and yet the overall odour has practically no smell of sandalwood.

In present times since the price and availability of sandalwood oil has become prohibitive , different material both natural and synthetic are being used. Sadly the most popuplar being DOP , a totally banned material.

In some cases also synthetic sandalwood molecules like ICCH , IBCH , SMC (KAO Corpn , Japan) are also being used.

Henna is known as a traditional Ayurveda medicine. It shows various health benefits such as hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activities, inhibits the tuberculosis bacteria, and useful in skin diseases.
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KEORA Plant

Keora Plant (Pandanus odoratissimus)The Kewra plant grows wild along the east coast of India. The plants producing the best floral bouquet are grown in Ganjam district of South Orrisa.It should be noted that Rampe plant (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) is different from Kewra plant. The fragrant leaves of Rampe plant (Pandan Patta) are used to flavor rice and curries.Kewra plant is dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on different plants.

In Sanskrit, the plant is called Ketaki. The male plants are called 'Ketaki Viphala', and the female plants and called 'Swarana Ketaki'.The male plant - flower Only the flowers of the male plant are harvested to extract the floral bouquet to produce Kewra. The flower bouquet is sweet similar to rose flowers, and fruity. The Kewra plant grows up to 18 feet tall. The plants flower three times a year (Summer, Monsoon, and Winter). 60% of the flowers grow during monsoon season (July-September), and posses the best floral bouquet. 30% of the flowers grow during summer (May-June), and remaining 10% grow during winter (October-November).

The creamy white color flowers are encased in long spikes about one foot long. On average, one mature plant can produce about 35 flower spikes.The female plant - flowerThe flower of female plant has no floral bouquet. It is left to develop into fruit.The fruitThe female plant bears a fruit that looks like a pineapple. When ripe, the fruit develops a very mild bouquet.
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Orris

Orris root is a term used for the roots Iris germanica, Iris florentina, and Iris pallida.Once important in western herbal medicine, it is now used mainly as a fixative and base note in perfumery, the most widely used fixative for potpourri. Orris is also an ingredient in many brands of gin.

After an initial drying period, which can take five years or more depending on the use, the root is ground. For potpourri, this powder is used without further processing. For other uses, it is dissolved in water and then distilled. One ton of iris root produces two kilos of essential oil, also referred to as orris root butter, making it a highly-prized substance.
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Pink Lotus

Lotus Flower" redirects here. For the Woody Shaw album, see Lotus Flower (Woody Shaw album). For the Radiohead song, see Lotus Flower (song). Nelumbo nucifera known by numerous common names including Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, or simply lotus, is one of two species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. The Linnaean binomial Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names, Nelumbium speciosum (Willd.) and Nymphaea nelumbo, among others. Names other than Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) are obsolete synonyms and should not be used in current works.
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Styrax

Styrax is a genus of about 130 species of large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, mostly native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority in eastern and southeastern Asia, but also crossing the equator in South America.Common names include styrax, or the more ambiguous storax, snowbell.Styrax trees grow to 214 m tall, and have alternate, deciduous or evergreen simple ovate leaves 118 cm long and 210 cm broad. The flowers are pendulous, with a white 5-10-lobed corolla, produced 3-30 together on open or dense panicles 525 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe, smooth and lacking ribs or narrow wings, unlike the fruit of the related snowdrop trees (Halesia) and epaulette trees (Pterostyrax).Since Antiquity, styrax resin has been used in perfumes, certain types of incense, and medicines.There is some degree of uncertainty as to exactly what resin old sources refer to. Turkish sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) is a quite unrelated tree in the family Altingiaceae that produces a similar resin traded in modern times as storax or as "Levant styrax, " like the resins of other sweetgums, and a number of confusing variations thereupon.
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Ylang Ylang

Cananga odorata, commonly called ylang-ylang ee-lang-ee-lang), [1] cananga tree, ilang-ilang, kenanga in Indonesian, fragrant cananga, Macassar-oil plant or perfume tree, [2] is a tropical tree which originates from the Philippines and is valued for its perfume. The essential oil derived from the flowers is used in aromatherapy.Artabotrys odoratissimus, ylang-ylang vine, and Artabotrys hexapetalus, climbing ylang-ylang, [5] are woody, evergreen climbing plants in the same family. A. odoratissimus is also a source of perfume.C. odorata is a fast-growing tree of the custard-apple family Annonaceae. Its growth exceeds 5 m (15 ft) per year[citation needed] and attains an average height of 12 m (40 ft) in an ideal climate. It grows in full or partial sun, and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. The evergreen leaves are smooth and glossy, oval, pointed and with wavy margins, and 1320 cm (58 in) long. The flower is drooping, long-stalked, with six narrow, greenish-yellow (rarely pink) petals, rather like a sea star in appearance, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil.
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Saffron

Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the saffron crocus. Crocus is a genus in the family Iridaceae. Saffron crocus grows to 2030 cm (812 in) and bears up to four flowers, each with three vivid crimson stigmas, which are the distal end of a carpel. Together with the styles, or stalks that connect the stigmas to their host plant, the dried stigmas are used mainly in various cuisines as a seasoning and colouring agent.

Saffron, long among the world's most costly spices by weight is native to Greece or Southwest Asia and was first cultivated in Greece. As a genetically monomorphic clone, it was slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania.

The saffron crocus, unknown in the wild, probably descends from Crocus cartwrightianus, which originated in Crete C. thomasii and C. pallasii are other possible precursors. The saffron crocus is a triploid that is "self-incompatible" and male sterile. It undergoes aberrant meiosis and is hence incapable of independent sexual reproductionall propagation is by vegetative multiplication via manual "divide-and-set" of a starter clone or by interspecific hybridisation.If C. sativus is a mutant form of C. cartwrightianus, then it may have emerged via plant breeding, which would have selected for elongated stigmas, in late Bronze Age Crete.
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Ambergris

Ambergris, a solid waxy substance originating in the intestine of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon). In Eastern cultures ambergris is used for medicines and potions and as a spice; in the West it was used to stabilize the scent of fine perfumes.

Ambergris floats and washes ashore most frequently on the coasts of China, Japan, Africa, and the Americas and on tropical islands such as the Bahamas. Because it was picked up as drift along the shores of the North Sea, ambergris was likened to the amber of the same region, and its name is derived from the French words for gray amber.

Fresh ambergris is black and soft and has a disagreeable odour. When exposed to sun, air, and seawater, however, it hardens and fades to a light gray or yellow, developing a subtle and pleasant fragrance in the process.
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Balsam Tolu

Balsam Tolu is a recent (non-fossil) resin that originates from South America (Columbia, Peru, Venezuela), similar to Balsam of Peru. It is tapped from the living trunks of Myroxylon toluiferum.

It is a brownish, sticky, semisolid mass. An essential oil is also distilled from the balsam. The balsam contains a fairly large amount of esters of benzoic and cinnamic acid (benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate).

In 1841, Henri tienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated toluene by the dry distillation of tolu balsam.

The resin, as well as the leaves and fruit, have been traditionally used by the people of Central America and South America to relieve coughs and asthma, and to treat wounds. Its name comes from Tol (singular); Toles (plural).

The name of the native precolumbian people that used to be the inhabitants at the same place where now is located Tolu, a small town and municipality in Sucre Department, northern Colombia (South America) by the Caribbean sea.

Tolues were the first reported to be using this resin in early Spanish chronicles. The resin of this tree is what is most valuable and is retrieved in the same fashion that one collects the valuable properties from a rubber tree by tapping into it.
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Blue Lotus

Its original habitat may have been along the Nile and other locations in East Africa. It spread to other locations , like the Indian Subcontinent and Thailand.

The leaves are broadly rounded, 2540 cm across, with a notch at the leaf stem. The flowers are 1015 cm in diameter.Reports in the literature by persons unfamiliar with its actual growth and blooming cycle have suggested that the flowers open in the morning, rising to the surface of the water, then close and sink at dusk.

In fact the flower buds rise to the surface over a period of two to three days and when ready open at approximately 99:30 am and close about 3 pm. The flowers and buds do not rise above the water in the morning, nor do they submerge at night.

The flowers have pale bluish-white to sky-blue or mauve petals. Smoothly changing to a pale yellow in the centre of the flower.The flower is very frequently depicted in Egyptian art.
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Clove Bud

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.

They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

The largest producer of clove bud Pemba Island is just off the coast of Tanzania.

The clove tree is an evergreen that grows up to 812 m tall. With large leaves and sanguine flowers grouped in terminal clusters.

The flower buds initially have a pale hue gradually turn green then transition to a bright red when ready for harvest.

Cloves are harvested at 1.52.0 cm long and consist of a long calyx that terminates in four spreading sepals and four unopened petals that form a small central ball.

Cloves are used in the cuisine of Asian, African and the Near and Middle East. Lending flavour to meats, curries and marinades as well as complement to fruit. Such as apples, pears or rhubarb.
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Fixative

Fixative is an old term for any natural substance that will hold and fix and that helps a fragrance last longer on the skin. Alcohol-based scents are the most fleeting., So a substance is required to add for "anchor" the scent. Lowering the evaporation rate of the alcohol usually does this.Benzoin and Frankincense other resins and Tolu Balsam and Peru balsam are some of the more common additions to a blend that will help to fix it.

Orrisroot is also an excellent fixative, but it is a sensitizer (as is Benzoin), so perhaps reserving these for your potpourri mixtures might be a good idea. Fixatives are generally the base notes and kept at about 3-5%.

The fixative can be a powerful part of the scent. Some think that any fragrance fixatives might impart to a scent should be kept to a minimum. However, some of these odors with powerful fixative qualities can be integrated into the scent as a base and form a powerful base.The formula of which can be used over and over again in other perfumes to make a fragrant accord.
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Ginger Lily

Hedychium Coronarium is a plant species native to Himalayas region of Nepal and India, Myanmar and Thailand. Hedychium spicatum smallish hardy perennial that grows to around 1 m, with green leaves and large orange and white flowers.

Hedychium spicatum smallish hardy perennial that grows to around 1 m, with green leaves and large orange and white flowers. It is also known as Spiked Ginger Lily, Sandharlika or Kapur kachri in Hindi, and Takhellei in Manipuri.

Ginger Lily is a very typical Indian species of Ginger grown only in Northern Parts of India near Himalayan Ranges. It is used in India for skin care products and in classical Indian perfumes.

The smell is really wonderful! The oil is extracted from dried roots. Has a very tenacious and sweet smell ideal for a male perfume. The aroma is a blend of warm woody notes with a soft hint of spice, and a touch of soft floral.

In India the fragrant rhizomes of H. spicatum are a considerable item of trade. The dried rhizomes are burned as incense.

The essential oil derived from the rhizomes is used in perfumery. Therapeutically, an extraction of the root is used in Ayurveda. Research indicates that the oil has a slightly tranquilizing action, as well.
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Petitgrain

Petitgrain is an essential oil that is extracted from the leaves and green twigs of the bitter orange plant (Citrus aurantium var. amara) via steam distillation.Its main regions of production are Paraguay and France, with the former's product being of higher odour tenacity. Petitgrain oil (fr. little grain) gains its name from the fact that it used to be extracted from the small unripe oranges of the plant. The oil has a greenish woody orange smell that is widely used in perfumery and found in colognes.Though distilled from the same botanical species as neroli and bitter orange, Petitgrain Essential Oil possesses its own characteristically unique aroma. Petitgrain Essential Oil is distilled from the leaves and sometimes the twigs and branches of the tree whereas neroli essential oil is distilled from the blossoms and Orange Essential Oil is typically cold pressed from the rinds of the fruits.
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Tea Tree

Leptospermum scoparium, commonly called manuka, New Zealand teatree, broom teatree or just tea tree, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to New Zealand and southeast Australia.It is a prolific scrub-type tree and is often one of the first species to regenerate on cleared land. It is typically a shrub growing to 25 m (716 ft) tall, but can grow into a moderately sized tree, up to 15 m (49 ft) or so in height. It is evergreen, with dense branching and small leaves 720 mm long and 26 mm broad, with a short spine tip. The flowers are white, occasionally pink, 815 mm (rarely up to 25 mm) in diameter, with five petals.

This species is often confused with the closely related species kanuka the easiest way to tell the difference between the two species in the field is to feel their foliage mnuka leaves are prickly, while knuka leaves are soft. The wood is tough and hard.Evidence suggests that L. scoparium originated in Australia before the onset of the Miocene aridity, and dispersed relatively recently from eastern Australia to New Zealand.
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Osmanthus

Osmanthus is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, mostly native to the warm temperate zone, from the Caucasus east to Japan, with one species (O. americanus) occurring in the southeastern United States, from Texas to Virginia. It is sometimes included in Nestegis.Osmanthus range in size from shrubs to small trees, 212 m (739 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, evergreen, and simple, with an entire, serrated or coarsely toothed margin.
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BALSAM COPAIBA Plants

Balsm Copaiba Dipterocarpus turbinatus (the last an international name for Dipterocarpus wood) is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae native to western India and mainland Southeast Asia and cultivated in surrounding areas.The tree is indigenous within the area from India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos to Vietnam. While it is cultivated in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Philippines, and China (southeast Xizang, southern & western Yunnan).
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BAY TREE Shrub

The bay tree is a popular evergreen shrub suitable for containers or growing in the ground. Kept neatly clipped, the dark-green foliage can create stunning formal shapes that make an entrance or look perfect on a patio.

Bay leaves can be used fresh or dried and are used in cooking to give a fragrant flavour to soups, stews and other dishes.Bay can be grown in a number of ways. It thrives in containers, especially if watered regularly and positioned in a sheltered spot. In the garden, bay trees grow as a large bushy shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 7.5m (23ft) or more.

Bay can also be turned into topiary (trees or shrubs cut or trained into specified shapes) specimens which can be shaped into pyramid, ball or "lollipop" standards, and some have ornately plaited or spirally trained stems.Bay needs a well-drained soil and a sheltered sunny or part-shady position.

Taste and Aroma : If eaten whole, bay leaves are pungent and have a sharp, bitter taste. As with many spices and flavorings, the fragrance of the bay leaf is more noticeable than its taste. When dried, the fragrance is herbal, slightly floral, and somewhat similar to oregano and thyme. Myrcene, which is a component of many essential oils used in perfumery, can be extracted from the bay leaf. They also contain the essential oil eugenol
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Betel Leaf

The betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava. It is valued both as a mild stimulant and for its medicinal properties. Betel leaf is mostly consumed in Asia.

Elsewhere in the world it is used by by some Asian emigrants as betel quid or paan with or without tobacco.

In an addictive psycho-stimulating and euphoria-inducing formulation with adverse health effects.Betel is notable for staining the teeth of regular users.

The betel plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkin. The betel plant originated from South and South East Asia.

The betel leaf is cultivated in most of South and Southeast Asia. Since it is a creeper, it needs a compatible tree or a long pole for support.

Betel requires high land and especially fertile soil. Waterlogged, saline and alkali soils are unsuitable for its cultivation.Betel leaf is the leaf of a kind of creeper or climbing plant. It is a glossy, oval leaf.
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Bois De Rose

Bois de rose, literally 'wood of rose' is given the French name to prevent confusion with actual rosewood. The tree (Aniba rosaeodora) from which the essential oil is distilled originates from tropical Africa and Brazil (where the oil is known as 'oleo de Pau-Rosa').

It grows wild and in abundance in the Amazon forests. A similar tree is found in Guyana (where the oil is known as 'Cayenne').

The distilleries in Brazil are situated in and around Manaus and the huge quantities of oil produced in the past. Once as much as 150 - 300 tonnes annually. Primarily for Linalool.

Principally for the American and European markets have resulted in the deforestation of millions of hectares.

The oil is distilled from the bark of the tree. But to obtain it the whole tree is felled. Despite a drop in the exportation of the oil in recent years the environment and climate have been irrevocably changed.

Many people are saying that the oil should be completely banned and its usage stopped. Many aromatherapists, however, still sell products containing it.
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Champaka Flower

Champaca, commonly called yellow jade orchid tree is a large evergreen tree, native to the Indomalaya ecozone (consisting of South Asia, Southeast Asia and some parts of China).It is best known for its strongly fragrant yellow or white flowers.

It is, however, primarily cultivated for its timber and is also used in urban landscaping. Its aril-covered seeds are highly attractive to birds.This species occurs in varying shades of cream to yellow-orange.

In China, M. champaca var. pubinervia is documented. Magnolia alba is a hybrid cultivar of M. champaca.In Thailand there has been some purported man-made hybrids with other magnolia species including Magnolia liliifera and Magnolia coco.

The flowers are used in Southeast Asia for several purposes.Especially in India they are primarily used for worship at temples whether at home or out and more generally worn in hair by girls and women as a means of beauty ornament as well as a natural perfume.

Flowers are used to be floated in bowls of water to scent the room, as a fragrant decoration for bridal beds, and for garlands."Magnolia champaca however is more rare and has a strong perfume, and is not that commonly or plentifully used - for example in hair it is worn singly or as a small corsage.
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Coriander

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro, Chinese parsley or dhania, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. Coriander is native to regions spanning from southern Europe and North Africa to southwestern Asia. It is a soft plant growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the flowering stems. The flowers are borne in small umbels, white or very pale pink, asymmetrical, with the petals pointing away from the centre of the umbel longer (56 mm or 0.200.24 in) than those pointing toward it (only 13 mm or 0.0390.118 in long). The fruit is a globular, dry schizocarp 35 mm (0.120.20 in) in diameter. Although sometimes eaten alone, the seeds are often used as a spice or an added ingredient in other foods.Coriander is popular as a scented stimulating substance and also an important culinary spice. It has been cultivated in different parts of the world for thousands of years now and is said to be one of the oldest known herbs, it can be traced as far back as 5, 000 B.C. Coriander has been in wide use in the Middle East, Asia, and southern Europe, and also its origin can be traced back to ancient Egypt. The Romans took coriander with them to Britain. The British then introduced it to North America in 1670, where it took hold especially in Mexico and Latin America.The essential oil from this ancient herb has a place in aromatherapy. It helps to ease the mind and fight fatigue. It warms and calms the digestive system, relieves rheumatism and arthritic pain, muscular spasms and detoxifies the body. The essential oil is obtained from the seeds through steam distillation. It is also said to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic properties, and hence, it is extensively used as effective massage oil to facilitate blood circulation as well as to relieve stiffness of the joints. Coriander is also used to flavour gin, vermouth, liqueurs and tobacco.
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Grapefruit

The grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet fruit, an 18th-century hybrid first bred in Barbados.

When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around 56 meters (1620 ft) tall, although they can reach 1315 meters (4349 ft).

The leaves are glossy dark green, long (up to 15 centimeters (5.9 in)) and thin. It produces 5 cm (2 in) white four-petaled flowers. The fruit is yellow-orange skinned and generally an oblate spheroid in shape; it ranges in diameter from 1015 centimeters (3.95.9 in).

The flesh is segmented and acidic, varying in color depending on the cultivars, which include white, pink and red pulps of varying sweetness (generally, the redder varieties are sweeter).

One ancestor of the grapefruit was the Jamaican sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), itself an ancient hybrid of Asian origin; the other was the Indonesian pomelo (C. maxima).
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AGARWOOD / OUDH

Agarwood, also known as oud, oodh or agar, is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees (large evergreens native to southeast Asia) when they become infected with a type of mould. Prior to infection, the heartwood is relatively light and pale coloured; however, as the infection progresses, the tree produces a dark aromatic resin in response to the attack, which results in a very dense, dark, resin embedded heartwood.The resin embedded wood is commonly called gaharu, jinko, aloeswood, agarwood, or oud (not to be confused with 'Bakhoor') and is valued in many cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus is used for incense and perfumes.First-grade agarwood is one of the most expensive natural raw materials in the world. A whole range of qualities and products are on the market, varying in quality with geographical location and cultural deposition.
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Pimento

A pimiento or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper that measures 3 to 4 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide. The flesh of the pimiento is sweet, succulent, and more aromatic than that of the red bell pepper.Some varieties of the pimiento type are hot, including the Floral Gem and Santa Fe Grande varieties.The seeds can be sown in pots in the house six to eight weeks before setting outside to harden before planting in the soil. Do not plant them where tomatoes, potatoes or eggplant had been planted, as all are members of the nightshade family. This can cause diseases relative to that family.
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Rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which includes many other herbs. The name "rosemary" derives from the Latin for "dew" (ros) and "sea" (marinus), or "dew of the sea". The plant is also sometimes called anthos, from the ancient Greek word ?????, meaning "flower".Rosmarinus officinalis is one of 2-4 species in the genus Rosmarinus'.
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Tree Moss

Tree Moss, the plants of the genus Climacium (order Bryales), which resemble small evergreen trees and are found in damp, shady places throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The most common species are the European tree moss (C. dendroides), which is also found in North America, and the American tree moss (C. americanum). Both are about 5 to 10 centimetres (2 to 4 inches) high, with the branches clustered at the top of the shoot. The reddish-brown capsules (spore cases), borne on the female plant, have lids with long beaks and mature in the fall. The American tree moss has longer, narrower capsules with longer beaks and a leaf different from that of the European tree moss. Both species produce new shoots vegetatively each year from horizontal stems growing on the soil surface.
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White Lotus

Nymphaea lotus, the tiger lotus, white lotus or Egyptian white water-lily, is a flowering plant of the family Nymphaeaceae. It grows in various parts of East Africa and Southeast Asia.

Nymphaea lotus f. thermalis is a variety endemic to the thermal water of the Pea River in the Bihor County, Transylvania, Romania, in Europe. It is found in ponds, and prefers clear, warm, still and slightly acidic waters. It can be found in association with other aquatic plant species such as Utricularia stellaris.

Nymphaea lotus is often used as a freshwater aquarium plant. Sometimes it is grown for its flowers, while other aquarists prefer to trim the lily pads, and just have the underwater foliage.The tiger-like variegations appear under intense illumination.

In ancient times the Egyptian lotus was worshipped, especially in Egypt. It was considered a symbol of creation there. In Ancient Greece, it was a symbol of innocenceand modesty. The Egyptian lotus is the national flower of Egypt. It is depicted on many of the seals of the different Provinces in Thailand. It is also an element of the Coptic flag.

In some part of Africa the rhizomes and tubers are eaten for the starch they contain either boiled, roasted or ground to a flour after drying. The young fruits are sometimes consumed as a salad. The seeds are turned into a meal.The tubers or the seeds are used as a famine food in India.
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Lavandin

Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) is actually a hybrid created from true lavender (lavendula augustifolia) and spike lavender (Lavendula latifolia). The true lavender grows higher in the mountains while the spike lavender or aspic as it is sometimes known grows down lower. Where they tended to meet they would cross pollinate and lavandin came into being. As it is a hybrid its appearance can vary some, but in general it is a larger plant than true lavender with woody stems. The flowers vary from blue like true lavender to more greyish, similar to spike lavender. Lavandin also has aromatherapy uses similar to true lavender but it is more penetrating. It has a stronger scent and is considered beneficial for inflammation, respiratory and circulatory conditions. It is also thought to be very helpful in fighting germs. Feel free to reach for lavandin to help with sore muscles and joint pain, aid in clearing sinuses and symptoms of colds and flu and flushing toxins from your system. It does have many of the same actions as true lavender.
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Marjoram

Best known as a culinary herb and an essential ingredient in French, Middle Eastern and prominently in Mediterranean cuisine, Marjoram isn't an unfamiliar herb to food lovers and in kitchen gardens. It is the world of fragrances where perfumers, as composers, to blend their fragrances work with numbers of materials and there marjoram, which is akin to oregano, makes its way into perfume ingredients.It is a perennial herbaceous plant, grown often as an annual because it does not survive well in wet and cold winters. It grows to an upright, compact bush about 20-40 cm in height, with a woody main stem and many softer branches.

Leaves are oblong-ovate, soft, matte green with a sweet, spicy, pleasant smell. Flowers are small, whitish or purplish, arranged in terminal clusters. Seeds are minute, oval and dark brown. Crop is usually grown vegetatively through cuttings and can also be grown by seeds.Marjoram (Origanum majorana, syn. Majorana hortensis Moench, Majorana majorana (L.) H. Karst is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle-Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus Origanum.
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Nitro Musk Subsitute

Natural animal musks have long been used as fragrances in beauty products, but because they are expensive to produce, scientists have developed synthetic chemicals to replace them. These synthetic compounds include nitro and non-nitro benzenes, indans and tetralins. Musk xylene, musk ketone and musk ambrette are three of the most commonly used synthetic nitro musk compounds. They are produced and used throughout the world in such scented products as detergents, soaps, lotions and perfumes. In 1988, an estimated 7, 000 tons of musks were produced worldwide.Very little scientific research has been done on synthetic musk fragrances in the environment.
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Jatamansi

Nardostachys jatamansi is a flowering plant of the valerian family that grows in the Himalays.

It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber coloured essential oil, spikenard. The oil since ancient time has been used a a perfume, as a medicine and in religious contexts.

It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin or muskroot.

The main growing region is eastern Himalays, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.

The plant grows to about 1 M in height and has pink, bell shaped flowers. It is found in the attitude of about 3000 to 5000 meters.

Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled in to an intensely aromatic amber coloured essential oil, which is very thick in consistency.
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Labdanum

Labdanum, also called ladanum or ladan, is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrubs Cistus ladanifer (western Mediterranean) and Cistus creticus (eastern Mediterranean), species of rockrose. It has a long history of use in herbal medicine and as a perfume ingredient.In ancient times, labdanum was collected by combing the beards and thighs of goats and sheep that had grazed on the cistus shrubs.Wooden instruments used were referred to in 19th-century Crete as ergastiri;a lambadistrion ("labdanum-gatherer") was a kind of rake to which a double row of leathern thongs were fixed instead of teeth.These were used to sweep the shrubs and collect the resin which was later extracted. It was collected by the shepherds and sold to coastal traders. Many of the false beards worn by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were made of goats' hair which was held together by labdanum.
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Mace

Mace comes from nutmeg. The lacy aril is removed by hand from the outer shell of the nutmeg and then dried, becoming yellowish-brown mace. Mace is sold in whole pieces called blades or in the more commonly-found ground form.

The color can often help you determine its origin. Orange-yellow blades most likely come from Grenada, while orange-red blades tend to be from Indonesia. Mace has a flavor described as a combination of cinnamon and pepper, a more pungent version of nutmeg.

It is used in cakes, puddings, custards, desserts, cheese dishes, souffles, sauces, soups, poultry, and fish. It especially complements dishes with cherries or chocolate.

Unlike most spices, ground mace has a longer shelf-life when stored properly in a tightly-sealed jar or container in a cool, dark place. One teaspoon ground mace equals 1 tablespoon mace blades. Nutmeg may be substituted for mace in a pinch and vice versa, but obviously the flavor of the end result will be affected as with any substitution.
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Mimosa Powder

Mimosa is a genus of about 400 species of herbs and shrubs, in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family Fabaceae. The generic name is derived from the Greek word (mimos), meaning "mimic."Two species in the genus are especially notable. One is Mimosa pudica, because of the way it folds its leaves when touched or exposed to heat. It is native to southern Central and South America but is widely cultivated elsewhere for its curiosity value, both as a houseplant in temperate areas, and outdoors in the tropics.

Outdoor cultivation has led to weedy invasion in some areas, notably Hawaii. The other is Mimosa tenuiflora, which is best known for its use in shamanic ayahuasca brews due to the psychedelic drug found in its root bark.The taxonomy of the genus Mimosa has had a tortuous history, having gone through periods of splitting and lumping, ultimately accumulating over 3, 000 names, many of which have either been synonymized under other species or transferred to other genera. In part due to these changing circumscriptions, the name "Mimosa" has also been applied to several other related species with similar pinnate or bipinnate leaves, but are now classified in other genera, most commonly to Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) and Acacia dealbata (wattle).
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Narcissus Flower

Narcissus is a botanical name for the sort of springtime bulbous plant of amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. There are around 26 of wild and several hundreds of cultivated variances, and although it is mainly considered to be a spring-time flower, some sorts bloom in autumn. Sorts are different by color, shape and size. The flower can be yellow or white, but also combined white and yellow, orange, red, and pink. The flowers, growing on a strong stalk, can be star-shaped or trumpet shaped, simple or multi-flowered. The leaves are long and light-green.
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Nutmeg

The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus Myristica. The most important commercial species is Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas of Indonesia.The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus Myristica. The most important commercial species is Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia.Nutmeg is the seed of the tree, roughly egg-shaped and about 20 to 30 mm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long and 15 to 18 mm (0.6 to 0.7 in) wide, and weighing between 5 and 10 g (0.2 and 0.4 oz) dried, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed. The first harvest of nutmeg trees takes place 79 years after planting, and the trees reach full production after twenty years. Nutmeg is usually used in powdered form. This is the only tropical fruit that is the source of two different spices. Several other commercial products are also produced from the trees, including essential oils, extracted oleoresins, and nutmeg butter.
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OPOPONAX Perfume

Opoponax or sweet myrrh is a cousin of the healing MyrrhCommiphora Myrrhawith a warm-balsamic and sweet, honey-like aroma. It is a natural oleo-gum-resin like myrrh and frankincense. The color of its resin is brown; however, good quality crude botanical resin is dark red. Opoponax has been a component of incense and perfumes since Biblical times.

Talking of perfumery in particular, Opoponax qualities from several Commiphora are widely used, especially in oriental fragrances, to impart sweet balsamic notes.Opopanax (also: Opoponax) refers to a number of gum resins with medicinal properties.In perfumery, opopanax refers to the resin obtained from Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. glabrescens Engl., a tree growing in Somalia.

A resinoid is prepared from the resin by solvent extraction. Steam distillation of the resin gives the essential oil, which has a warm, sweet, balsamic odor. Opopanax oil and resinoid are used in perfumes with oriental characteristics.African opopanax is the resin of Commiphora kataf .Opopanax, a major export article from Somalia since ancient times, is also known as bisabol - bissa bol (Hindi) and as hebbakhade - habak hadi (Somali). "bissa bol" (Hindi) is scented myrrh, in contrast to "heera bol", bitter myrrh.
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Carrot Seed

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow varieties exist.

It has a crisp texture when fresh. The most commonly eaten part of a carrot is a taproot, although the greens are sometimes eaten as well.

It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot Daucus carota, native to Europe and southwestern Asia.


The domestic carrot has been selectively bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports that world production of carrots and turnips.

The word is first recorded in English around 1530 and was borrowed from Middle French carotte, itself from Late Latin carta, from Greek karton, originally from the Indo-European root *ker- (horn), due to its horn-like shape.


In Old English, carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from parsnips.Carrot seed oil is far removed from the ubiquitous orange vegetable and should not be mistaken for the cheaper macerated carrot oil.
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Mandarine

The Mandarin orange, also known as the mandarin or mandarine , is a small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. When exporting began, local Mandarin oranges were named after their port of origin.The tree is more drought-tolerant than the fruit. The mandarin is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.
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OAKMOSS

Evernia prunastri, also known as Oakmoss, is a species of lichen. It can be found in many mountainous temperate forests throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including parts of France, Portugal, Spain, North America, and much of Central Europe. Oakmoss grows primarily on the trunk and branches of oak trees, but is also commonly found on the bark of other deciduous trees and conifers such as fir and pine. The thalli of Oakmoss are short (34 cm in length) and bushy, and grow together on bark to form large clumps. Oakmoss thallus is flat and strap-like. They are also highly branched, resembling the form of deer antlers. The colour of Oakmoss ranges from green to a greenish-white when dry, and dark olive-green to yellow-green when wet. The texture of the thalli are rough when dry and rubbery when wet. It is used extensively in modern perfumery.
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OLIBANUM Resin

495 - 1,250 /KG Get Latest Price
  • Type Industrial Resins, Resins
  • Application Industrial Use, Manufacturing Units
  • Shelf Life 2Yrs
  • Grade Industrial, Therapeutic
  • Color Creamy, Off-white, Yellow
  • Purity 90%, 99%
  • Form Liquid, Crystals
  • Style Prcoessed, Raw

Olibanum also known as Frankincense, is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, particularly Boswellia sacra, B. carteri, B. thurifera, B. frereana and B. bhaw-dajiana (Burseraceae). The English word is derived from Old French "franc encens" (i.e., high quality incense) and is used in incense and perfumes.There are four main species of Boswellia that produce true frankincense and resin from each of the four is available in various grades. The grades depend on the time of harvesting. The resin is hand-sorted for quality.Frankincense is mentioned in the Bible as one of the three gifts the wise men gave to the young child Jesus.Frankincense is tapped from the scraggly but hardy trees by slashing the bark, which is called striping, and allowing the exuded resin to bleed out and harden.

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Ambrette Seed

The botanical name of ambrette is hibiscus abelmoschus l. It is a tropical hibiscus with beautiful bright yellow flowers, and its distinctive seed pods look so similar to okra that the plant is sometimes referred to as musk okra or ornamental okra. ambrette is native to india, where it is known as mushkdana or kasturi bhendi. The plant grows to just over a meter in height and is an evergreen shrub. When mature the pods split open to reveal kidney-shaped seeds that have a sweet, flowery, heavy fragrance. Ambrette has long been appreciated in perfumery as one of the few plant oils that contains natural musk compounds, including one named after the plant, ambrettolide. Many synthetic musks are cooked up in laboratories these days, but for people who care about natural products, there is no substitute for the natural. Ambrette oil is expensive and rare because so much work goes into creating it. Unlike some oil crops where the plant leaves are used, ambrette oil is made only from seeds, which weigh very little and must be carefully gathered. The seeds represent a tiny fraction of the biomass of the entire plant, and only a very small yield of essential oil is achieved -- 0.2% to 0.6% of the total weight of the seeds. In natural perfumery, it can be used in a wide range of compositions including musk bases, amber accords, high class florals, oriental bouquets, incense perfumes, fougere, and new mown hay. Ambrette oil is pale yellow, with an enchanting aroma described variously as sweet, rich, warm musky, fatty and nutty, with floral overtones. after a short period of aging, more complex notes can emerge, such as wine, brandy, fruit, and tobacco. Like all musks, ambrette is a perfumery base note.
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Benzoin Resin

1,500 - 2,400 /KG Get Latest Price
  • Type Industrial Resins, Resins
  • Application Industrial Use, Manufacturing Units
  • Shelf Life 2Yrs
  • Style Prcoessed

Benzoin resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus styrax. It is used in perfumes, some kinds of incense, as a flavoring and medicine . Commonly called "benzoin" is also called "benzoin resin" here to distinguish it from the chemical compound benzoin. Benzoin is also called gum benzoin or gum benjamin. But "gum" is incorrect as benzoin is not a polysaccharide. Its name came via the italian from the arabic luban jawi. Benzoin resin is also called styrax balsam or styrax resin. But wrongly since those resins are obtained from a different plant family, hamamelidaceae. Benzoin was first reported in 1832 by justus von liebig and friedrich woehler during their research on oil of bitter almond which isbenzaldehyde with traces of hydrocyanic acid. Benzoin resin is a common ingredient in incense-making and perfumery because of its sweet vanilla-like aroma and fixative properties.gum benzoin is a major component of the type of church incense used in russia and some other orthodox christian societies as well as western catholic churches.

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Black Pepper

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit. Which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit known as a peppercorn when dried is approximately 5 millimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, dark red when fully mature and like all drupes contains a single seed.Peppercorns and the ground pepper derived from them may be described simply as pepper or more precisely as black pepper (cooked and dried unripe fruit). Green pepper (dried unripe fruit) and white pepper (unripe fruit seeds). Black pepper is native to south India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. Currently Vietnam is the world's largest producer and exporter of pepper. Producing 34% of the world's Piper nigrum crop as of 2008.Dried ground pepper has been used since antiquity for both its flavor and as a medicine. Black pepper is the world's most traded spice. It is one of the most common spices added to European cuisine and its descendants. The spiciness of black pepper is due to the chemical piperine, not to be confused with the capsaicin that gives fleshy peppers theirs.The drupes are dried in the sun or by machine for several days. During which the pepper around the seed shrinks and darkens into a thin, wrinkled black layer.
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Cardamom

Cardamom refers to several plants of the similar genera Elettaria and Amomum in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Both genera are native to India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan. They are recognised by their small seed pods, triangular in cross-section and spindle-shaped. With a thin, papery, outer shell and small black seeds.Guatemala is the biggest producer and exporter of cardamom in the world, followed by India. Some other countries such as Sri Lanka have also begun to cultivate it. Elettaria pods are light green, while Amomum pods are larger and dark brown.It is the world's third-most expensive spice by weight. Outstripped in market value only by saffron and vanilla.The word "cardamom" is derived from the Latin cardamomum a compound of kardamon which was the name for a kind of an Indian spice plant. From the corresponding Dravidian root all modern names of cardamom in the major Dravidian languages are directly derived.
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CARTHAMUS

Carthamus (Sanskrit: kusumbha) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant. It is commercially cultivated for vegetable oil extracted from the seeds. Plants are 30 to 150 cm (12 to 59 in) tall with globular flower heads having yellow, orange, or red flowers. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower is native to arid environments having seasonal rain. It grows a deep taproot which enables it to thrive in such environments. It is a minor crop today with about 600, 000 tons being produced commercially in more than sixty countries worldwide. India, United States, and Mexico are the leading producers, with Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, China, the Arab World, Argentina and Australia accounting for most of the remainder. Other names include Sallflower, Beni, Chimichanga, or Carthamus tinctorius.Traditionally, the crop was grown for its seeds, and used for coloring and flavoring foods. In medicines, and making red (carthamin) and yellow dyes, especially before cheaper aniline dyes became available.
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Castoreum

Castoreum is the exudate from the castor sacs of the mature North American Beaver and the European Beaver within the zoological realm. Castoreum is derived from the Greek word Kastor meaning beaver. Castoreum is obtained from the animal source Caster Canadensis. The castor sacs are not true glands (endocrine or exocrine) on a cellular level, hence references to these structures as preputial glands or castor glands are misnomers. Castor sacs are a type of scent gland. Castoreum is mentioned in the works of the ancient commentators who mistakenly believed this musky substance is derived from the beavers testicles. In his tales, Aesop, the prominent Greek fabulist, retells the widespread hunters fallacy that cornered beaver bites off its own testicles, only to throw them to the hunter and so escape the death.
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Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a spice obtained from the inner bark of several trees from the genus Cinnamomum. That is used in both sweet and savoury foods. While Cinnamomum verum is sometimes considered to be "true cinnamon".Most cinnamon in international commerce is derived from related species, which are also referred to as "cassia" to distinguish them from "true cinnamon". Cinnamon is the name for perhaps a dozen species of trees and the commercial spice products that some of them produce.All are members of the genus Cinnamomum in the family Lauraceae. Only a few of them are grown commercially for spice.The name "cinnamon" comes through the Greek kinnamomon, possibly from Phoenician.In Hindi it is called dal chini. In Urdu it is called dar chini.In Sri Lanka, in Sinhala, cinnamon is known as kurundu and was recorded in English in the 17th century as "korunda". It is called karuva in Malayalam and Tamil. Another Tamil variant is Pattai. In Indonesia, where it is cultivated in Java and Sumatra is called kayu manis ("sweet wood"). In several European languages, the word for cinnamon comes from the Latin word cannella, a diminutive of canna, "tube", from the way it curls up as it dries.The branches harvested this way are processed by scraping off the outer bark, then beating the branch evenly with a hammer to loosen the inner bark.
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Elemi

Canarium luzonicum commonly known as elemi is a tree native to the Philippines and an oleoresin harvested from it. The tree produces a resin, which is a pale yellow substance from which aromatic elemi oil is steam distilled. The same resin is also used as a herbal remedy from bronchitis, cough, mature skin, scars and wounds. Elemi resin is a pale yellow substance, of honey-like consistency. Aromatic elemi oil is steam distilled from the resin. It is a fragrant resin with a sharp pine and lemon-like scent. One of the resin components is called amyrin. Elemi resin is chiefly used commercially in varnishes, lacquers and certain printing inks. It is used as a herbal medicine to treat bronchitis, catarrh, extreme coughing, mature skin, scars, stress and wounds. The constituents include phellandrene, limonene, elemol, elemicin, terpineol, carvone and terpinolene.
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Hina

Hina is traditional Indian Perfume and is centuries old , the formulation or the method of production is very well kept and closely guarded. Handed over from generations. The odour of Hina is spicy floral herbal mossy sweet.It is basically distillation of various Herbs , Spices , Florals , Musk , Amber over Sandalwood Oil. Sandalwood Oil serves as a base and also works as a fixative. If a GCMS were to be done , Sandalwood Oil could make upto 95% and yet the overall odour has practically no smell of sandalwood. In present times since the price and availability of sandalwood oil has become prohibitive , different material both natural and synthetic are being used. Sadly the most popuplar being DOP , a totally banned material. In some cases also synthetic sandalwood molecules like ICCH , IBCH , SMC (KAO Corpn , Japan) are also being used. Henna is known as a traditional Ayurveda medicine. It shows various health benefits such as hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activities, inhibits the tuberculosis bacteria, and useful in skin diseases.
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KEORA Plant

Keora Plant (Pandanus odoratissimus)The Kewra plant grows wild along the east coast of India. The plants producing the best floral bouquet are grown in Ganjam district of South Orrisa.It should be noted that Rampe plant (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb) is different from Kewra plant. The fragrant leaves of Rampe plant (Pandan Patta) are used to flavor rice and curries.Kewra plant is dioecious, with male and female flowers produced on different plants. In Sanskrit, the plant is called Ketaki. The male plants are called 'Ketaki Viphala', and the female plants and called 'Swarana Ketaki'.The male plant - flower Only the flowers of the male plant are harvested to extract the floral bouquet to produce Kewra. The flower bouquet is sweet similar to rose flowers, and fruity. The Kewra plant grows up to 18 feet tall. The plants flower three times a year (Summer, Monsoon, and Winter). 60% of the flowers grow during monsoon season (July-September), and posses the best floral bouquet. 30% of the flowers grow during summer (May-June), and remaining 10% grow during winter (October-November). The creamy white color flowers are encased in long spikes about one foot long. On average, one mature plant can produce about 35 flower spikes.The female plant - flowerThe flower of female plant has no floral bouquet. It is left to develop into fruit.The fruitThe female plant bears a fruit that looks like a pineapple. When ripe, the fruit develops a very mild bouquet.
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Orris

Orris root is a term used for the roots Iris germanica, Iris florentina, and Iris pallida.Once important in western herbal medicine, it is now used mainly as a fixative and base note in perfumery, the most widely used fixative for potpourri. Orris is also an ingredient in many brands of gin. After an initial drying period, which can take five years or more depending on the use, the root is ground. For potpourri, this powder is used without further processing. For other uses, it is dissolved in water and then distilled. One ton of iris root produces two kilos of essential oil, also referred to as orris root butter, making it a highly-prized substance.
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Pink Lotus

Lotus Flower" redirects here. For the Woody Shaw album, see Lotus Flower (Woody Shaw album). For the Radiohead song, see Lotus Flower (song). Nelumbo nucifera known by numerous common names including Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, or simply lotus, is one of two species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae. The Linnaean binomial Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) is the currently recognized name for this species, which has been classified under the former names, Nelumbium speciosum (Willd.) and Nymphaea nelumbo, among others. Names other than Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) are obsolete synonyms and should not be used in current works.
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Styrax

Styrax is a genus of about 130 species of large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, mostly native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority in eastern and southeastern Asia, but also crossing the equator in South America.Common names include styrax, or the more ambiguous storax, snowbell.Styrax trees grow to 214 m tall, and have alternate, deciduous or evergreen simple ovate leaves 118 cm long and 210 cm broad. The flowers are pendulous, with a white 5-10-lobed corolla, produced 3-30 together on open or dense panicles 525 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe, smooth and lacking ribs or narrow wings, unlike the fruit of the related snowdrop trees (Halesia) and epaulette trees (Pterostyrax).Since Antiquity, styrax resin has been used in perfumes, certain types of incense, and medicines.There is some degree of uncertainty as to exactly what resin old sources refer to. Turkish sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) is a quite unrelated tree in the family Altingiaceae that produces a similar resin traded in modern times as storax or as "Levant styrax, " like the resins of other sweetgums, and a number of confusing variations thereupon.
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Ylang Ylang

Cananga odorata, commonly called ylang-ylang ee-lang-ee-lang), [1] cananga tree, ilang-ilang, kenanga in Indonesian, fragrant cananga, Macassar-oil plant or perfume tree, [2] is a tropical tree which originates from the Philippines and is valued for its perfume. The essential oil derived from the flowers is used in aromatherapy.Artabotrys odoratissimus, ylang-ylang vine, and Artabotrys hexapetalus, climbing ylang-ylang, [5] are woody, evergreen climbing plants in the same family. A. odoratissimus is also a source of perfume.C. odorata is a fast-growing tree of the custard-apple family Annonaceae. Its growth exceeds 5 m (15 ft) per year[citation needed] and attains an average height of 12 m (40 ft) in an ideal climate. It grows in full or partial sun, and prefers the acidic soils of its native rainforest habitat. The evergreen leaves are smooth and glossy, oval, pointed and with wavy margins, and 1320 cm (58 in) long. The flower is drooping, long-stalked, with six narrow, greenish-yellow (rarely pink) petals, rather like a sea star in appearance, and yields a highly fragrant essential oil.
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Saffron

Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the saffron crocus. Crocus is a genus in the family Iridaceae. Saffron crocus grows to 2030 cm (812 in) and bears up to four flowers, each with three vivid crimson stigmas, which are the distal end of a carpel. Together with the styles, or stalks that connect the stigmas to their host plant, the dried stigmas are used mainly in various cuisines as a seasoning and colouring agent. Saffron, long among the world's most costly spices by weight is native to Greece or Southwest Asia and was first cultivated in Greece. As a genetically monomorphic clone, it was slowly propagated throughout much of Eurasia and was later brought to parts of North Africa, North America, and Oceania. The saffron crocus, unknown in the wild, probably descends from Crocus cartwrightianus, which originated in Crete C. thomasii and C. pallasii are other possible precursors. The saffron crocus is a triploid that is "self-incompatible" and male sterile. It undergoes aberrant meiosis and is hence incapable of independent sexual reproductionall propagation is by vegetative multiplication via manual "divide-and-set" of a starter clone or by interspecific hybridisation.If C. sativus is a mutant form of C. cartwrightianus, then it may have emerged via plant breeding, which would have selected for elongated stigmas, in late Bronze Age Crete.
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Ambergris

Ambergris, a solid waxy substance originating in the intestine of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon). In Eastern cultures ambergris is used for medicines and potions and as a spice; in the West it was used to stabilize the scent of fine perfumes. Ambergris floats and washes ashore most frequently on the coasts of China, Japan, Africa, and the Americas and on tropical islands such as the Bahamas. Because it was picked up as drift along the shores of the North Sea, ambergris was likened to the amber of the same region, and its name is derived from the French words for gray amber. Fresh ambergris is black and soft and has a disagreeable odour. When exposed to sun, air, and seawater, however, it hardens and fades to a light gray or yellow, developing a subtle and pleasant fragrance in the process.
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Balsam Tolu

Balsam Tolu is a recent (non-fossil) resin that originates from South America (Columbia, Peru, Venezuela), similar to Balsam of Peru. It is tapped from the living trunks of Myroxylon toluiferum. It is a brownish, sticky, semisolid mass. An essential oil is also distilled from the balsam. The balsam contains a fairly large amount of esters of benzoic and cinnamic acid (benzyl benzoate, benzyl cinnamate). In 1841, Henri tienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated toluene by the dry distillation of tolu balsam. The resin, as well as the leaves and fruit, have been traditionally used by the people of Central America and South America to relieve coughs and asthma, and to treat wounds. Its name comes from Tol (singular); Toles (plural). The name of the native precolumbian people that used to be the inhabitants at the same place where now is located Tolu, a small town and municipality in Sucre Department, northern Colombia (South America) by the Caribbean sea. Tolues were the first reported to be using this resin in early Spanish chronicles. The resin of this tree is what is most valuable and is retrieved in the same fashion that one collects the valuable properties from a rubber tree by tapping into it.
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Blue Lotus

Its original habitat may have been along the Nile and other locations in East Africa. It spread to other locations , like the Indian Subcontinent and Thailand. The leaves are broadly rounded, 2540 cm across, with a notch at the leaf stem. The flowers are 1015 cm in diameter.Reports in the literature by persons unfamiliar with its actual growth and blooming cycle have suggested that the flowers open in the morning, rising to the surface of the water, then close and sink at dusk. In fact the flower buds rise to the surface over a period of two to three days and when ready open at approximately 99:30 am and close about 3 pm. The flowers and buds do not rise above the water in the morning, nor do they submerge at night. The flowers have pale bluish-white to sky-blue or mauve petals. Smoothly changing to a pale yellow in the centre of the flower.The flower is very frequently depicted in Egyptian art.
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Clove Bud

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. The largest producer of clove bud Pemba Island is just off the coast of Tanzania. The clove tree is an evergreen that grows up to 812 m tall. With large leaves and sanguine flowers grouped in terminal clusters. The flower buds initially have a pale hue gradually turn green then transition to a bright red when ready for harvest. Cloves are harvested at 1.52.0 cm long and consist of a long calyx that terminates in four spreading sepals and four unopened petals that form a small central ball. Cloves are used in the cuisine of Asian, African and the Near and Middle East. Lending flavour to meats, curries and marinades as well as complement to fruit. Such as apples, pears or rhubarb.
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Fixative

Fixative is an old term for any natural substance that will hold and fix and that helps a fragrance last longer on the skin. Alcohol-based scents are the most fleeting., So a substance is required to add for "anchor" the scent. Lowering the evaporation rate of the alcohol usually does this.Benzoin and Frankincense other resins and Tolu Balsam and Peru balsam are some of the more common additions to a blend that will help to fix it. Orrisroot is also an excellent fixative, but it is a sensitizer (as is Benzoin), so perhaps reserving these for your potpourri mixtures might be a good idea. Fixatives are generally the base notes and kept at about 3-5%. The fixative can be a powerful part of the scent. Some think that any fragrance fixatives might impart to a scent should be kept to a minimum. However, some of these odors with powerful fixative qualities can be integrated into the scent as a base and form a powerful base.The formula of which can be used over and over again in other perfumes to make a fragrant accord.
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Ginger Lily

Hedychium Coronarium is a plant species native to Himalayas region of Nepal and India, Myanmar and Thailand. Hedychium spicatum smallish hardy perennial that grows to around 1 m, with green leaves and large orange and white flowers. Hedychium spicatum smallish hardy perennial that grows to around 1 m, with green leaves and large orange and white flowers. It is also known as Spiked Ginger Lily, Sandharlika or Kapur kachri in Hindi, and Takhellei in Manipuri. Ginger Lily is a very typical Indian species of Ginger grown only in Northern Parts of India near Himalayan Ranges. It is used in India for skin care products and in classical Indian perfumes. The smell is really wonderful! The oil is extracted from dried roots. Has a very tenacious and sweet smell ideal for a male perfume. The aroma is a blend of warm woody notes with a soft hint of spice, and a touch of soft floral. In India the fragrant rhizomes of H. spicatum are a considerable item of trade. The dried rhizomes are burned as incense. The essential oil derived from the rhizomes is used in perfumery. Therapeutically, an extraction of the root is used in Ayurveda. Research indicates that the oil has a slightly tranquilizing action, as well.
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Petitgrain

Petitgrain is an essential oil that is extracted from the leaves and green twigs of the bitter orange plant (Citrus aurantium var. amara) via steam distillation.Its main regions of production are Paraguay and France, with the former's product being of higher odour tenacity. Petitgrain oil (fr. little grain) gains its name from the fact that it used to be extracted from the small unripe oranges of the plant. The oil has a greenish woody orange smell that is widely used in perfumery and found in colognes.Though distilled from the same botanical species as neroli and bitter orange, Petitgrain Essential Oil possesses its own characteristically unique aroma. Petitgrain Essential Oil is distilled from the leaves and sometimes the twigs and branches of the tree whereas neroli essential oil is distilled from the blossoms and Orange Essential Oil is typically cold pressed from the rinds of the fruits.
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Tea Tree

Leptospermum scoparium, commonly called manuka, New Zealand teatree, broom teatree or just tea tree, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae, native to New Zealand and southeast Australia.It is a prolific scrub-type tree and is often one of the first species to regenerate on cleared land. It is typically a shrub growing to 25 m (716 ft) tall, but can grow into a moderately sized tree, up to 15 m (49 ft) or so in height. It is evergreen, with dense branching and small leaves 720 mm long and 26 mm broad, with a short spine tip. The flowers are white, occasionally pink, 815 mm (rarely up to 25 mm) in diameter, with five petals. This species is often confused with the closely related species kanuka the easiest way to tell the difference between the two species in the field is to feel their foliage mnuka leaves are prickly, while knuka leaves are soft. The wood is tough and hard.Evidence suggests that L. scoparium originated in Australia before the onset of the Miocene aridity, and dispersed relatively recently from eastern Australia to New Zealand.
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Osmanthus

Osmanthus is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, mostly native to the warm temperate zone, from the Caucasus east to Japan, with one species (O. americanus) occurring in the southeastern United States, from Texas to Virginia. It is sometimes included in Nestegis.Osmanthus range in size from shrubs to small trees, 212 m (739 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, evergreen, and simple, with an entire, serrated or coarsely toothed margin.
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BALSAM COPAIBA Plants

Balsm Copaiba Dipterocarpus turbinatus (the last an international name for Dipterocarpus wood) is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae native to western India and mainland Southeast Asia and cultivated in surrounding areas.The tree is indigenous within the area from India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos to Vietnam. While it is cultivated in Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Philippines, and China (southeast Xizang, southern & western Yunnan).
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BAY TREE Shrub

The bay tree is a popular evergreen shrub suitable for containers or growing in the ground. Kept neatly clipped, the dark-green foliage can create stunning formal shapes that make an entrance or look perfect on a patio. Bay leaves can be used fresh or dried and are used in cooking to give a fragrant flavour to soups, stews and other dishes.Bay can be grown in a number of ways. It thrives in containers, especially if watered regularly and positioned in a sheltered spot. In the garden, bay trees grow as a large bushy shrub or small tree, reaching a height of 7.5m (23ft) or more. Bay can also be turned into topiary (trees or shrubs cut or trained into specified shapes) specimens which can be shaped into pyramid, ball or "lollipop" standards, and some have ornately plaited or spirally trained stems.Bay needs a well-drained soil and a sheltered sunny or part-shady position. Taste and Aroma : If eaten whole, bay leaves are pungent and have a sharp, bitter taste. As with many spices and flavorings, the fragrance of the bay leaf is more noticeable than its taste. When dried, the fragrance is herbal, slightly floral, and somewhat similar to oregano and thyme. Myrcene, which is a component of many essential oils used in perfumery, can be extracted from the bay leaf. They also contain the essential oil eugenol
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Betel Leaf

The betel (Piper betle) is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava. It is valued both as a mild stimulant and for its medicinal properties. Betel leaf is mostly consumed in Asia. Elsewhere in the world it is used by by some Asian emigrants as betel quid or paan with or without tobacco. In an addictive psycho-stimulating and euphoria-inducing formulation with adverse health effects.Betel is notable for staining the teeth of regular users. The betel plant is an evergreen and perennial creeper, with glossy heart-shaped leaves and white catkin. The betel plant originated from South and South East Asia. The betel leaf is cultivated in most of South and Southeast Asia. Since it is a creeper, it needs a compatible tree or a long pole for support. Betel requires high land and especially fertile soil. Waterlogged, saline and alkali soils are unsuitable for its cultivation.Betel leaf is the leaf of a kind of creeper or climbing plant. It is a glossy, oval leaf.
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Bois De Rose

Bois de rose, literally 'wood of rose' is given the French name to prevent confusion with actual rosewood. The tree (Aniba rosaeodora) from which the essential oil is distilled originates from tropical Africa and Brazil (where the oil is known as 'oleo de Pau-Rosa'). It grows wild and in abundance in the Amazon forests. A similar tree is found in Guyana (where the oil is known as 'Cayenne'). The distilleries in Brazil are situated in and around Manaus and the huge quantities of oil produced in the past. Once as much as 150 - 300 tonnes annually. Primarily for Linalool. Principally for the American and European markets have resulted in the deforestation of millions of hectares. The oil is distilled from the bark of the tree. But to obtain it the whole tree is felled. Despite a drop in the exportation of the oil in recent years the environment and climate have been irrevocably changed. Many people are saying that the oil should be completely banned and its usage stopped. Many aromatherapists, however, still sell products containing it.
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Champaka Flower

Champaca, commonly called yellow jade orchid tree is a large evergreen tree, native to the Indomalaya ecozone (consisting of South Asia, Southeast Asia and some parts of China).It is best known for its strongly fragrant yellow or white flowers. It is, however, primarily cultivated for its timber and is also used in urban landscaping. Its aril-covered seeds are highly attractive to birds.This species occurs in varying shades of cream to yellow-orange. In China, M. champaca var. pubinervia is documented. Magnolia alba is a hybrid cultivar of M. champaca.In Thailand there has been some purported man-made hybrids with other magnolia species including Magnolia liliifera and Magnolia coco. The flowers are used in Southeast Asia for several purposes.Especially in India they are primarily used for worship at temples whether at home or out and more generally worn in hair by girls and women as a means of beauty ornament as well as a natural perfume. Flowers are used to be floated in bowls of water to scent the room, as a fragrant decoration for bridal beds, and for garlands."Magnolia champaca however is more rare and has a strong perfume, and is not that commonly or plentifully used - for example in hair it is worn singly or as a small corsage.
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Coriander

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro, Chinese parsley or dhania, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae. Coriander is native to regions spanning from southern Europe and North Africa to southwestern Asia. It is a soft plant growing to 50 cm (20 in) tall. The leaves are variable in shape, broadly lobed at the base of the plant, and slender and feathery higher on the flowering stems. The flowers are borne in small umbels, white or very pale pink, asymmetrical, with the petals pointing away from the centre of the umbel longer (56 mm or 0.200.24 in) than those pointing toward it (only 13 mm or 0.0390.118 in long). The fruit is a globular, dry schizocarp 35 mm (0.120.20 in) in diameter. Although sometimes eaten alone, the seeds are often used as a spice or an added ingredient in other foods.Coriander is popular as a scented stimulating substance and also an important culinary spice. It has been cultivated in different parts of the world for thousands of years now and is said to be one of the oldest known herbs, it can be traced as far back as 5, 000 B.C. Coriander has been in wide use in the Middle East, Asia, and southern Europe, and also its origin can be traced back to ancient Egypt. The Romans took coriander with them to Britain. The British then introduced it to North America in 1670, where it took hold especially in Mexico and Latin America.The essential oil from this ancient herb has a place in aromatherapy. It helps to ease the mind and fight fatigue. It warms and calms the digestive system, relieves rheumatism and arthritic pain, muscular spasms and detoxifies the body. The essential oil is obtained from the seeds through steam distillation. It is also said to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic properties, and hence, it is extensively used as effective massage oil to facilitate blood circulation as well as to relieve stiffness of the joints. Coriander is also used to flavour gin, vermouth, liqueurs and tobacco.
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Grapefruit

The grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its sour to semi-sweet fruit, an 18th-century hybrid first bred in Barbados. When found, it was named the "forbidden fruit. The evergreen grapefruit trees usually grow to around 56 meters (1620 ft) tall, although they can reach 1315 meters (4349 ft). The leaves are glossy dark green, long (up to 15 centimeters (5.9 in)) and thin. It produces 5 cm (2 in) white four-petaled flowers. The fruit is yellow-orange skinned and generally an oblate spheroid in shape; it ranges in diameter from 1015 centimeters (3.95.9 in). The flesh is segmented and acidic, varying in color depending on the cultivars, which include white, pink and red pulps of varying sweetness (generally, the redder varieties are sweeter). One ancestor of the grapefruit was the Jamaican sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), itself an ancient hybrid of Asian origin; the other was the Indonesian pomelo (C. maxima).
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AGARWOOD / OUDH

Agarwood, also known as oud, oodh or agar, is a dark resinous heartwood that forms in Aquilaria and Gyrinops trees (large evergreens native to southeast Asia) when they become infected with a type of mould. Prior to infection, the heartwood is relatively light and pale coloured; however, as the infection progresses, the tree produces a dark aromatic resin in response to the attack, which results in a very dense, dark, resin embedded heartwood.The resin embedded wood is commonly called gaharu, jinko, aloeswood, agarwood, or oud (not to be confused with 'Bakhoor') and is valued in many cultures for its distinctive fragrance, and thus is used for incense and perfumes.First-grade agarwood is one of the most expensive natural raw materials in the world. A whole range of qualities and products are on the market, varying in quality with geographical location and cultural deposition.
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Pimento

A pimiento or cherry pepper is a variety of large, red, heart-shaped chili pepper that measures 3 to 4 inches long and 2 to 3 inches wide. The flesh of the pimiento is sweet, succulent, and more aromatic than that of the red bell pepper.Some varieties of the pimiento type are hot, including the Floral Gem and Santa Fe Grande varieties.The seeds can be sown in pots in the house six to eight weeks before setting outside to harden before planting in the soil. Do not plant them where tomatoes, potatoes or eggplant had been planted, as all are members of the nightshade family. This can cause diseases relative to that family.
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Rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which includes many other herbs. The name "rosemary" derives from the Latin for "dew" (ros) and "sea" (marinus), or "dew of the sea". The plant is also sometimes called anthos, from the ancient Greek word ?????, meaning "flower".Rosmarinus officinalis is one of 2-4 species in the genus Rosmarinus'.
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Tree Moss

Tree Moss, the plants of the genus Climacium (order Bryales), which resemble small evergreen trees and are found in damp, shady places throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The most common species are the European tree moss (C. dendroides), which is also found in North America, and the American tree moss (C. americanum). Both are about 5 to 10 centimetres (2 to 4 inches) high, with the branches clustered at the top of the shoot. The reddish-brown capsules (spore cases), borne on the female plant, have lids with long beaks and mature in the fall. The American tree moss has longer, narrower capsules with longer beaks and a leaf different from that of the European tree moss. Both species produce new shoots vegetatively each year from horizontal stems growing on the soil surface.
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White Lotus

Nymphaea lotus, the tiger lotus, white lotus or Egyptian white water-lily, is a flowering plant of the family Nymphaeaceae. It grows in various parts of East Africa and Southeast Asia. Nymphaea lotus f. thermalis is a variety endemic to the thermal water of the Pea River in the Bihor County, Transylvania, Romania, in Europe. It is found in ponds, and prefers clear, warm, still and slightly acidic waters. It can be found in association with other aquatic plant species such as Utricularia stellaris. Nymphaea lotus is often used as a freshwater aquarium plant. Sometimes it is grown for its flowers, while other aquarists prefer to trim the lily pads, and just have the underwater foliage.The tiger-like variegations appear under intense illumination. In ancient times the Egyptian lotus was worshipped, especially in Egypt. It was considered a symbol of creation there. In Ancient Greece, it was a symbol of innocenceand modesty. The Egyptian lotus is the national flower of Egypt. It is depicted on many of the seals of the different Provinces in Thailand. It is also an element of the Coptic flag. In some part of Africa the rhizomes and tubers are eaten for the starch they contain either boiled, roasted or ground to a flour after drying. The young fruits are sometimes consumed as a salad. The seeds are turned into a meal.The tubers or the seeds are used as a famine food in India.
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Lavandin

Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) is actually a hybrid created from true lavender (lavendula augustifolia) and spike lavender (Lavendula latifolia). The true lavender grows higher in the mountains while the spike lavender or aspic as it is sometimes known grows down lower. Where they tended to meet they would cross pollinate and lavandin came into being. As it is a hybrid its appearance can vary some, but in general it is a larger plant than true lavender with woody stems. The flowers vary from blue like true lavender to more greyish, similar to spike lavender. Lavandin also has aromatherapy uses similar to true lavender but it is more penetrating. It has a stronger scent and is considered beneficial for inflammation, respiratory and circulatory conditions. It is also thought to be very helpful in fighting germs. Feel free to reach for lavandin to help with sore muscles and joint pain, aid in clearing sinuses and symptoms of colds and flu and flushing toxins from your system. It does have many of the same actions as true lavender.
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Marjoram

Best known as a culinary herb and an essential ingredient in French, Middle Eastern and prominently in Mediterranean cuisine, Marjoram isn't an unfamiliar herb to food lovers and in kitchen gardens. It is the world of fragrances where perfumers, as composers, to blend their fragrances work with numbers of materials and there marjoram, which is akin to oregano, makes its way into perfume ingredients.It is a perennial herbaceous plant, grown often as an annual because it does not survive well in wet and cold winters. It grows to an upright, compact bush about 20-40 cm in height, with a woody main stem and many softer branches. Leaves are oblong-ovate, soft, matte green with a sweet, spicy, pleasant smell. Flowers are small, whitish or purplish, arranged in terminal clusters. Seeds are minute, oval and dark brown. Crop is usually grown vegetatively through cuttings and can also be grown by seeds.Marjoram (Origanum majorana, syn. Majorana hortensis Moench, Majorana majorana (L.) H. Karst is a somewhat cold-sensitive perennial herb or undershrub with sweet pine and citrus flavors. In some Middle-Eastern countries, marjoram is synonymous with oregano, and there the names sweet marjoram and knotted marjoram are used to distinguish it from other plants of the genus Origanum.
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Nitro Musk Subsitute

Natural animal musks have long been used as fragrances in beauty products, but because they are expensive to produce, scientists have developed synthetic chemicals to replace them. These synthetic compounds include nitro and non-nitro benzenes, indans and tetralins. Musk xylene, musk ketone and musk ambrette are three of the most commonly used synthetic nitro musk compounds. They are produced and used throughout the world in such scented products as detergents, soaps, lotions and perfumes. In 1988, an estimated 7, 000 tons of musks were produced worldwide.Very little scientific research has been done on synthetic musk fragrances in the environment.
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Jatamansi

Nardostachys jatamansi is a flowering plant of the valerian family that grows in the Himalays. It is a source of a type of intensely aromatic amber coloured essential oil, spikenard. The oil since ancient time has been used a a perfume, as a medicine and in religious contexts. It is also called spikenard, nard, nardin or muskroot. The main growing region is eastern Himalays, primarily in a belt through Kumaon, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. The plant grows to about 1 M in height and has pink, bell shaped flowers. It is found in the attitude of about 3000 to 5000 meters. Rhizomes (underground stems) can be crushed and distilled in to an intensely aromatic amber coloured essential oil, which is very thick in consistency.
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Labdanum

Labdanum, also called ladanum or ladan, is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrubs Cistus ladanifer (western Mediterranean) and Cistus creticus (eastern Mediterranean), species of rockrose. It has a long history of use in herbal medicine and as a perfume ingredient.In ancient times, labdanum was collected by combing the beards and thighs of goats and sheep that had grazed on the cistus shrubs.Wooden instruments used were referred to in 19th-century Crete as ergastiri;a lambadistrion ("labdanum-gatherer") was a kind of rake to which a double row of leathern thongs were fixed instead of teeth.These were used to sweep the shrubs and collect the resin which was later extracted. It was collected by the shepherds and sold to coastal traders. Many of the false beards worn by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were made of goats' hair which was held together by labdanum.
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Mace

Mace comes from nutmeg. The lacy aril is removed by hand from the outer shell of the nutmeg and then dried, becoming yellowish-brown mace. Mace is sold in whole pieces called blades or in the more commonly-found ground form. The color can often help you determine its origin. Orange-yellow blades most likely come from Grenada, while orange-red blades tend to be from Indonesia. Mace has a flavor described as a combination of cinnamon and pepper, a more pungent version of nutmeg. It is used in cakes, puddings, custards, desserts, cheese dishes, souffles, sauces, soups, poultry, and fish. It especially complements dishes with cherries or chocolate. Unlike most spices, ground mace has a longer shelf-life when stored properly in a tightly-sealed jar or container in a cool, dark place. One teaspoon ground mace equals 1 tablespoon mace blades. Nutmeg may be substituted for mace in a pinch and vice versa, but obviously the flavor of the end result will be affected as with any substitution.
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Mimosa Powder

Mimosa is a genus of about 400 species of herbs and shrubs, in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family Fabaceae. The generic name is derived from the Greek word (mimos), meaning "mimic."Two species in the genus are especially notable. One is Mimosa pudica, because of the way it folds its leaves when touched or exposed to heat. It is native to southern Central and South America but is widely cultivated elsewhere for its curiosity value, both as a houseplant in temperate areas, and outdoors in the tropics. Outdoor cultivation has led to weedy invasion in some areas, notably Hawaii. The other is Mimosa tenuiflora, which is best known for its use in shamanic ayahuasca brews due to the psychedelic drug found in its root bark.The taxonomy of the genus Mimosa has had a tortuous history, having gone through periods of splitting and lumping, ultimately accumulating over 3, 000 names, many of which have either been synonymized under other species or transferred to other genera. In part due to these changing circumscriptions, the name "Mimosa" has also been applied to several other related species with similar pinnate or bipinnate leaves, but are now classified in other genera, most commonly to Albizia julibrissin (silk tree) and Acacia dealbata (wattle).
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Narcissus Flower

Narcissus is a botanical name for the sort of springtime bulbous plant of amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae. There are around 26 of wild and several hundreds of cultivated variances, and although it is mainly considered to be a spring-time flower, some sorts bloom in autumn. Sorts are different by color, shape and size. The flower can be yellow or white, but also combined white and yellow, orange, red, and pink. The flowers, growing on a strong stalk, can be star-shaped or trumpet shaped, simple or multi-flowered. The leaves are long and light-green.
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Nutmeg

The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus Myristica. The most important commercial species is Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas of Indonesia.The nutmeg tree is any of several species of trees in genus Myristica. The most important commercial species is Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree indigenous to the Banda Islands in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands) of Indonesia.Nutmeg is the seed of the tree, roughly egg-shaped and about 20 to 30 mm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long and 15 to 18 mm (0.6 to 0.7 in) wide, and weighing between 5 and 10 g (0.2 and 0.4 oz) dried, while mace is the dried "lacy" reddish covering or aril of the seed. The first harvest of nutmeg trees takes place 79 years after planting, and the trees reach full production after twenty years. Nutmeg is usually used in powdered form. This is the only tropical fruit that is the source of two different spices. Several other commercial products are also produced from the trees, including essential oils, extracted oleoresins, and nutmeg butter.
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OPOPONAX Perfume

Opoponax or sweet myrrh is a cousin of the healing MyrrhCommiphora Myrrhawith a warm-balsamic and sweet, honey-like aroma. It is a natural oleo-gum-resin like myrrh and frankincense. The color of its resin is brown; however, good quality crude botanical resin is dark red. Opoponax has been a component of incense and perfumes since Biblical times. Talking of perfumery in particular, Opoponax qualities from several Commiphora are widely used, especially in oriental fragrances, to impart sweet balsamic notes.Opopanax (also: Opoponax) refers to a number of gum resins with medicinal properties.In perfumery, opopanax refers to the resin obtained from Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. glabrescens Engl., a tree growing in Somalia. A resinoid is prepared from the resin by solvent extraction. Steam distillation of the resin gives the essential oil, which has a warm, sweet, balsamic odor. Opopanax oil and resinoid are used in perfumes with oriental characteristics.African opopanax is the resin of Commiphora kataf .Opopanax, a major export article from Somalia since ancient times, is also known as bisabol - bissa bol (Hindi) and as hebbakhade - habak hadi (Somali). "bissa bol" (Hindi) is scented myrrh, in contrast to "heera bol", bitter myrrh.
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Carrot Seed

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow varieties exist. It has a crisp texture when fresh. The most commonly eaten part of a carrot is a taproot, although the greens are sometimes eaten as well. It is a domesticated form of the wild carrot Daucus carota, native to Europe and southwestern Asia. The domestic carrot has been selectively bred for its greatly enlarged and more palatable, less woody-textured edible taproot. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports that world production of carrots and turnips. The word is first recorded in English around 1530 and was borrowed from Middle French carotte, itself from Late Latin carta, from Greek karton, originally from the Indo-European root *ker- (horn), due to its horn-like shape. In Old English, carrots (typically white at the time) were not clearly distinguished from parsnips.Carrot seed oil is far removed from the ubiquitous orange vegetable and should not be mistaken for the cheaper macerated carrot oil.
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Mandarine

The Mandarin orange, also known as the mandarin or mandarine , is a small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling other oranges. Mandarin oranges are usually eaten plain or in fruit salads. Specifically reddish-orange mandarin cultivars can be marketed as tangerines, but this is not a botanical classification. When exporting began, local Mandarin oranges were named after their port of origin.The tree is more drought-tolerant than the fruit. The mandarin is tender and is damaged easily by cold. It can be grown in tropical and subtropical areas.
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OAKMOSS

Evernia prunastri, also known as Oakmoss, is a species of lichen. It can be found in many mountainous temperate forests throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including parts of France, Portugal, Spain, North America, and much of Central Europe. Oakmoss grows primarily on the trunk and branches of oak trees, but is also commonly found on the bark of other deciduous trees and conifers such as fir and pine. The thalli of Oakmoss are short (34 cm in length) and bushy, and grow together on bark to form large clumps. Oakmoss thallus is flat and strap-like. They are also highly branched, resembling the form of deer antlers. The colour of Oakmoss ranges from green to a greenish-white when dry, and dark olive-green to yellow-green when wet. The texture of the thalli are rough when dry and rubbery when wet. It is used extensively in modern perfumery.
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