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SRP (Sucker Rod Pumps) is one of the most common forms of reciprocating artificial lift systems employed by O&G companies worldwide. However, being mechanical in nature they are prone to faults and therefore need constant supervision to ensure continuous operation. This is a challenging task, considering that most oil wells are located in remote places that are difficult to access.
Principle of SRP operationA belt driven prime mover rotates and transfers the power to the connecting rod through gear mechanism. The connecting rod moves in a circular motion causing up-down movement of the reciprocating rod. This reciprocating movement of the rod results in pumping action at the bottom hole. A motion sensor senses the reciprocating motion and the output of the sensor are fed to iRTU digital input. The intelligent device counts the number of strokes and calculates total stroke counts to estimate production rate.
The intelligent Remote Terminal Unit stores all the configuration data and well data locally in a non-volatile memory. The configuration allows defining limits of various parameters and can diagnose / report the following:
The control station is generally located at the Group Gathering Stations (GGS), collects data from each iRTU. In case of any security breach or exceptional situation, the iRTU dials out to report the situation to GGS, MCS and the mobile transreceivers depending on options exercised during programming.
The electrical power input is measured by an energy meter and the same is communicated to the iRTU through RS 232 protocol.
Common Problems Associated with SRP installationsFluid PoundAs the rod pump continues to produce, the bottom hole characteristics remains dynamic and the pump filling percentage changes due to change in reservoir behavior, or sand etc. Matching pump displacement to oil infow remains one of the biggest challenges.
As the oil inflow rate decreases due to sand, fluid pressure, gas locking etc. the pump fills partially. During the upstroke it creates a void inside the tube. As soon as the downstroke starts the liquid column and the rod string experience a free fall and the plunger hits the fluid level in the pump barrel. The sudden transfer of load from the rod string to the tubing causes a shock wave which is transmitted throughout the pump. This is called fluid pound.
Fluid pound affects performance of a SRP in the following way:
The pipeline flow measurement business has assumed a more important role in overall pipeline operation scene due to price & performance pressure on global oil & gas companies. The spiraling price of crude and gas forced the petroleum companies to look for more accurate measurement techniques, better knowledge about properties of fluids handled and wider application of electronic & software to accomplish superior data management and data integrity. The people who are responsible for flow measurement have a challenge to respond to improve their efficiency and profitability.
To take care of all these concerns, the pipeline operation managers are employing state of the art flow computers, volume correctors, and advanced SCADA software to manage and control within acceptable tolerance.
ChallengesThere are several operational challenges that need to be resolved to provide an economical and effective solution. Some of the challenges can be broadly categorized as follows:
Communication ChallengesMost prevalent with cross country pipelines, normal modes of communications such as cellular networks, telephones and cable medium are not available. In such cases, only satellite based communication is possible.
Power AvailabilityMany locations do not have auxiliary power that is required for powering the system. Solar based operations on a continuous basis are also not possible in some situations due to non-availability of sunlight on a continuous basis. A hybrid solution based on battery backup and solar panels is therefore employed in such situations.
No Uniform Communication ProtocolOil and Gas companies use flow computers from several manufacturers that do not talk the same language. The system therefore needs to be able to support various protocols and in some cases have multi-protocol support within the same unit.
The SolutionCIMCON offered SCANET software and GSM/GPRS/Satellite communication enabled Remote Terminal Units with multi-protocol support to ensure seamless data integration for monitoring and metering.
Historical trending and multiple spreadsheet based reports improve the data analysis process.
RTU FeaturesSCANET is the worlds most reliable and proven SCADA system with a history of use that spans two decades. It is a result of continuous innovation, feedback from O&G companies worldwide and adoption of latest technology advancements. It presents the most integrated control system environment available anywhere in the world for remote management and operation of O&G processes. This ensures that your investment in technology continues to provide high return today and in the future.
SCANET ModulesReal time monitoring of treatment plants covering auto operation of entire treatment system; strategies to minimize wastage and maximize purity of out going water, automatic filter bed cleaning operations, logic based valve operations and monitoring of water quality.
CPSCANETTMis a SCADA system, designed keeping Cathodic Protection systems in mind. It allows realtime online monitoring and control of all key CP parameters to ensure optimal performance of the structure being protected. It also eliminates the need for lengthy, time consuming and error prone traditional method of manually recording the PSP's at hundreds of test stations along the length of the structure. The entire CP system can be monitored and controlled sitting in your office or for that matter from anywhere in the world, provided you have the authority to do so.
A typical CP SCADA network consists of intelligent Remote Terminal Units (iRTUs) distributed throughout the plant complex or along the pipeline and interfaced with individual Transformer Rectifier (TR) units. All the iRTUs are networked using a single or hybrid mix of communication systems such as existing telephone exchanges, GSM wireless cellular network, dedicated point to point cable network, satellite or radio wireless networks and connected to a central computer or network of computers running CPSCANET visualization software.
iTRU Transformer Rectifier UnitCIMCON's iTRU is a result of our endeavor to revolutionize the age old CP Systems and is destined to replace the conventional TR Units. These units are remotely operable, designed with built-in control, provide monitoring and CP data storage options, generate large amounts of current while maintaining compact size and light weight, have low heat dissipation and excellent efficiency, resulting in lowest possible cost per ampere.
True Synchronized Off-Potential MeasurementiTRU offers true synchronized OFF potential measurement using GPS based time synchronization for all geographically distributed iTRUs. Typical accuracies in time, range from better than 500 nanoseconds to 1 millisecond anywhere on earth.