Claro Clinic

Borivali West, Mumbai, Maharashtra

Helios III– The most advanced in its generation, this 4thgeneration Q-switch US FDA approved laser is delivering excellent results in variety of skin issues mainly for the treatment of skin resurfacing & toning, melasma, hyperpigmentation, acne marks, scars, age spots, birth marks, moles, freckles and the list just goes on. This laser is known to work wonderfully on following conditions: Pigment reduction/skin lightening Skin rejuvenation Tattoo removal Laser toning/laser facial Onychomycosis/nail fungus Carbon soft laser peel Freckles Dark circles Lip melanosis Birthmarks/Moles reduction

Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a skin disease that occurs when sebaceous glands are clogged with dead skin cells lining the pores combined with excess secreted sebum/oil from the skin leading to greasy skin & comedones (black & whiteheads). These blocked pores full of excess sebum provide a great thriving environment for acne bacterium, P.acnes leading to inflammation of the skin, pimples, pustules and possible scarring we associate with acne. Acne is particularly common among adolescents due to hormonal changes, though some people have acne that lasts into adulthood. Acne may be classified as mild, moderate or severe nodulocystic & treatment depends on the severity of a condition. In severe grades of acne, it is worthwhile ruling out the association of underlying PCOD. In order to prevent disfiguring scars treatment of early acne is recommended.

Hyperpigmentation is any flat, darkened patches which are light brown to black in colour, and can vary in size and shape. It occurs mainly due to over-production of melanin. Melasma is one of the commomest hyperpigmentory condition is often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy” as most of the females start getting it post delivery. It occurs as a result of hormonal influences such as pregnancy and birth control pills. There are other different types of pigmentation like freckles, lentigens, sun tan which are caused by sun exposure and tend to be small, darkened patches of skin. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation occurs when a skin injury or trauma heals and leaves a flat area of discolouration behind.

Psoriasis is a non-contagious chronic skin condition that produces plaques of thickened, scaling skin.It is characterized by silvery scales. Its often associated with a positive family history. It can occur at any age and can affect any area of the body, the most common being, the scalp, elbows, knees, back, nails, palms and soles. Psoriasis is not a curable but its a controllable disease which has variable course, periodically improving and worsening. Triggers include infections, stress and cold.

Known as, characterised, reframe line-Genetic susceptibility plays some role and is triggered by an environmental factors which in turn leads to autoimmune response against the melanocytes (skin pigment cells). Treatment offered at Claro clinic– Medical line of management-consisting of oral and topical medication in initial stages to prevent further spread and help in re-pigmentation. Photo therapy-NB UVB therapy for stable cases of vitiligo for a faster repigmentation. Surgical line of management-for stubborn and stable cases surgical procedures like punch grafting, skin grafting and menalocyte transfer are done.

Also known as dermatitis. Its an itchy skin condition characterised by rashes.The initial stages appear with red patches while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. The area of skin involved can vary from small to the entire body. The exact cause of dermatitis is often unclear but dry skin is more prone to develop eczema even genetic and environmental factors play an important role. Common types of eczema are- Atopic dermatitisis – an allergic disease having a hereditary component and often associated with asthma. Itchy rash is particularly noticeable on all folds viz neck, inside of elbows, behind knees, and buttocks Contact dermatitisis – of two types: allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.This appears at the site of contact with the allergen/irritant.Patch testing helps in the confirmation of the diagnosis. Xerotic eczema(winter itch) – is dry skin that becomes so serious it turns into eczema. It worsens in dry winter weather, and limbs and trunk are most often affected. Seborrhoeic dermatitis – It causes dry or greasy peeling of the scalp(dandruff), eyebrows, and face, and sometimes trunk. Venous eczema(stasis dermatitis) – occurs in people with impaired circulation, varicose veins and is particularly common in the ankle area.There is redness, scaling, darkening of the skin, and itching. The disorder predisposes to leg ulcers.

It is a skin condition characterised by persistent redness on the face, specifically convex areas such as cheeks and nose. The condition gets aggravated with multiple stimuli like emotional stress, hot drinks, alcohol, spicy food, exercise, hot bath, alcohol and smoking. The exact cause is unknown but abnormal vasomotor response to thermal stimuli is proposed to be one.

Characterised by Hives or skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps and can be associated with burning or stinging or warm feeling.Its an evanescent rash lasting for few minutes and then reappearing on other site without any tell tale sign.It can occur anywhere from head to toe.Its an IgE mediated allergic response of body to varied antigens.Psychological stress, hot temperature, or vibration may also be a trigger.In most of cases the cause remains unknown.Diagnosis is clinical.

It is a disease characterized by itchy reddish-purple, polygon-shaped, flat skin lesions. Oral cavity can get involved with a burning sensation in the mouth, and a lattice-like network of white lines near sites of erosion (Wickham striae).Involvement of hair may cause scarring hair loss.The cause is unknown, but it is thought to be the result of an autoimmune process with an unknown initial trigger.Stress is known to trigger the disease.

Also known as ‘Melanocytic nevus’ or ‘mole’.It can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired(appears later in life). Types- melanocytic nevi – Due to either increase of melanocyte number or increase in dermal melanin. (congenital melanocytic nevus, Nevus of Ota, Nevus of Ito, Nevus Spilus, Hori’s nevus. Beckers Nevus). Epidermal nevi – These nevi represent excess growth of epidermal cells or appendageal structures viz. oil and sweat glands.(Verrucous epidermal nevus, Nevus sebaceous, Nevus comedonicus etc). Treatments offered at Claro – The management of a nevus depends on the specific diagnosis, however, the options for treatment generally include the following modalities. Cryotherapy Dermabrasion Electrodessication Laser Ablation-Using the advanced and US FDA approved Q switched Nd YAG laser Helios III. Surgery-Surgical excision may be required for junctional or compound nevus.

There are number of benign skin growths or lesions viz.DPN(dermatosis papilosa nigra), Seborrheic keratoses, Cherry angiomas, acrochordones (skin Tags) etc.These lesions are genetically programmed so it runs in family. These are totally harmless but lead to cosmetic concerns. Though it can not be prevented it has to be removed whenever they appear.

Herpes Infection – The most common infections caused by herpes virus are Herpes simplex and Herpes Zoster. Herpes simplex also known as cold sores is one of the most common infection characterised by a group of small blisters. It is known to come recurrent over a particular area most common being lips. Herpes Zoster also known as shingles is caused by the same virus which is responsible for causing chicken pox. It is a painful condition affecting one segment of the body and not known to recur again and again.

It is contagious condition charachterised by white pearly eruptions. It is caused by molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV).The virus spreads from person to person by touching the affected skin or by touching a surface with the virus on it, such as a towel, clothing, or toys.Most commonly seen in children.

These are small, rough, and hard skin coloured growths.Mostly asymptomatic except when on the bottom of the feet where they may be painful.Most common sites are hands and feet.Warts are caused by infection with a type of human papillomavirus (HPV). The virus enters the body through skin that has been damaged slightly.Without treatment, most types of warts may persist for months to years and being infectious can spread as well.

An autoimmune disease are condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part resulting in formation of auto antibodies. Auto immune diseases in skin are broadly classified as- 1.Immunobullous or blistering disorders (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigud foliaceous, IgA dematosis, bullous pemphigoide). 2.Connective tissue disorders (SLE, Dermatomyositis, Screroderma, DLE). 3.Other-Vitiligo, Alopecia areata Treatment offered at Claro- Medical line of management in form of systemic and topical therapy remains the mainstay in treatment of auto immune diseases. NB UVB and Intralesional corticosteroid plays an important role in vitiligo and alopecia areata management.

Scabies – is a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The most common symptoms are severe itchiness and rash most commonly on wrists, between fingers, genitals or along the waistline. Incubation period is six weeks. The itch is often worse at night.It spreads through direct skin contact with an infected person.

It is an infestation with lice.The most common site is human head.Head-lice infestation is most frequent on children aged 3–10 and their families.Head lice are spread through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person.From each egg or “nit” may hatch one nymph that will grow and develop to the adult louse. Lice feed on blood once or more often each day by piercing the skin with their tiny needle-like mouthparts. While feeding they excrete saliva, which irritates the skin and causes itching.

Hair loss is a common occurrence in our otherwise stressful life. It’s true that men are more likely to lose their hair than women, mostly due to male pattern baldness. But thinning hair and hair loss are also common in women, and no less demoralizing. There are various types of hair fall and we at CLARO CLINIC offer our patients’ thorough counselling to try to rule out the cause for the same.

Hypertrichosis is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body.Hypertrichosis can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life.The excess growth of hair occurs in areas of the skin with the exception of androgen-dependent hair of the pubic area, face, and axillary regions.It can occur in both males and females. Hirsutism is excessive body hair in women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal specially androgen sensitive areas, such as on the chin or chest in particular, or the face or body in general. It develops well after puberty and can be caused by increased levels of androgen hormones.It is different than hypertrichosis, which is excessive hair growth anywhere on the body.Hirsutism is usually the result of an underlying endocrine imbalance, which may be adrenal, ovarian, or central.

Dandruff is a common chronic scalp condition marked by flaking of the skin on your scalp. Dandruff isn’t contagious or serious. But it can be embarrassing and sometimes difficult to treat. Dandruff is a common scalp disorder affecting almost half of the population at the post-pubertal age and of any sex and ethnicity. It often causes itching. Dandruff is rare before puberty, peaks in the teens and early twenties, and declines with age thereafter.

Alopecia areata also known as patchy hair loss or AA is a sudden hair loss that starts with one or more circular bald patches that may overlap. Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that causes hair to fall out in small, random patches. The hair loss usually affects the scalp, but it can also occur in other areas of the body. The condition rarely results in total hair loss or alopecia universalis, but it can prevent hair from growing back. When hair does grow back, it’s possible for the hair to fall out again. The extent of hair loss and regrowth varies from person-to-person.

The term “Premature greying of hair or Premature canities”, is used when hair starts turning grey before the age of 25 in Asians.Hair turns white when melanin, the pigment that imparts color to hair diminishes, and the admixture of pigmented and white hair gives grey color. Multiple factors are involved, mainly premature greying occurs due to:- Hereditary The autoimmune disorder like pernicious anaemia, hyper- or hypothyroidism. Premature aging syndromes like progeria and pangeria Atopic diathesis like asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, etc Nutritional deficiency Stress Certain medication may lead to premature greying. Medical disorder like HIV, cystic fibrosis Smoking and substance abuse

Also known as tinea unguium, is a fungal infection of the nail. This condition may affect toenails or fingernails, but toenail infections are particularly common.The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely. If left untreated, the skin can become inflamed and painful underneath and around the nail. There may also be white or yellow patches on the nailbed or scaly skin next to the nail, and a foul smell.There is usually no pain or other bodily symptoms, unless the disease is severe.

Also known as Onychorrhexis, is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toe nails. Causes include excessive strong soap and water exposure, nail polish remover, hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. Causes include- Excessive strong soap and water exposure Nail polish remover Hypothyroidism Anaemia Anorexia nervosa or Bulimia After oral retinoid therapy

Stretch marks, also known as striae, are a form of scarring on the skin initially red in colour and gradually turning white. Over time they may diminish, but will not disappear completely. Stretch marks appear due to the rapid stretching of the skin associated with rapid growth or rapid weight changes. Stretch marks form during pregnancy, usually during the last trimester, and usually on the belly, but also commonly occurring on the breasts, thighs, hips, lower back and buttocks. Stretch marks are caused by tearing of the dermis so damaging elastic and collagen fibres.

Dull look and uneven tone is one of the most common complaint in urban life. Dull skin tone is typically a result of poor circulation. Common factors that cause dull skin include smoking, pollution, excessive alcohol consumption, dehydration due to inadequate water intake and poor diet. Any triggers that deprive your skin of much-needed oxygen and nutrients will result in dull skin tone. Lack of exfoliation that is removing the dead skin cells can also cause dull skin and uneven tone. Dull skin is also often one of the first signs of aging, as skin renewal decreases.

Loss of collagen and elastin in the skin – a natural part of the ageing process – cause lines and wrinkles to appear on the face. Collagen and elastin are the building blocks of the skin and the absence of these prevents the skin from going back to its original shape after stretching or contracting. The face may appear sunken and less full around the eyes and cheeks. Hanging skin around the jowl and neck, as well as an increased looseness around the nose and corners of the mouth are typical in ageing skin. Dull, dry, wrinkled, loose, pigmented skin of face, neck, hand, back makes you feels older than what you are. With ageing, the combined effects of our genetics, sun damage and lifestyle choices affect the elasticity of our skin.

Hair restoration treatment offered at Claro Clinic- Hair regrowth treatments are used especially for hair re-growth over crown area. It improves blood flow and oxygenation to the hair roots. Medical line of management-in form of systemic and topical medications. Low light laser therapy popularly called LLLT is a US FDA approved technology (I Grow Helmet) for hair restore/regrowth. Mesotheraphy – meso therapy is Mesotherapy is a non surgical treatment where multiple superficial injections with a very fine needle of pharmaceutical agent, vitamins and other ingredients into mesoderm.It is indicated in controlling hair fall and promoting new hair growth in cases of patterned hair loss and telogen effluvium.

A pore is the pathway for oil to reach the skin. At the bottom of the pore is a sebaceous gland, or oil gland, which makes sebum to help keep the skin moisturised and protected. Once made, this sebum or oil travels up through the canal and exits through the pore. In few individuals these pores are prominent and in others with age due to laxity of skin they start getting prominent. On other side acne scars occurs due to tissue destruction happening as a result of inflammation cased by acne. The open pores and acne scars are difficult to conceal with the make-up so scar and open pore reduction treatments play an important role in improving the appearance of the skin.

Dark circles also known as peri-orbital melanosis is darkeness around the eyes. It is common, often familial , and are frequently found in Indian population. The exact cause of dark circles is not known but thought to be multifactorial. Variety of reasons are responsible familial being the most common, other includes systemic disease, chronic illness, anemia, chronic strain on eyes, improper sleeping habits etc. The causes of hyper pigmentation around the eyes include dermal melanin deposition, post inflammatory hyper pigmentation from atopic or contact allergic dermatitis as well as shadowing from lax skin and infraorbital swelling.

The tear trough is the groove or valley that begins at the inner corner of your eyes and travels down and out across your cheek. It’s often blamed for under-eye dark circles and an aged appearance.A deep tear trough creates a shadow which is perceived as a dark circle under the eye.People with deeper tear trough complain they look more tired and older than their age due to sunken or deep seated eyes. Treatment offered at Claro- Dermal hyaluronic acid fillers are the best choice for tear trough with an excellent results.As the filler contains local anaesthesia procedure is very comfortable. The procedure takes 15-20mins.Slight bruising may occur at the site on injection which resolves in 3-4days. One of the great advantage of this procedure is the effect are long lasting but not permanent.

Lips are our most expressive facial feature.They are constantly in focus as we smile, talk, eat and drink. Some people simply have naturally thin lips and just want to achieve a fuller appearance. Other people have noticed their lips thinning over time and may also have seen vertical lip lines become more noticeable. As we age the amount of hyaluronic acid naturally found in the body decreases. Lip fillers are specifically designed to maintain lip shape and retain moisture in the lip making them look more hydrated. So it gives a subtle and natural looking result. As the filler contains local anaesthesia procedure is very comfortable. The procedure takes 15-20mins.Slight bruising may occur at the site on injection which resolves in 3-4days. One of the great advantage of this procedure is the effect are long lasting(6-8months) but not permanent.

A chemical peel is a technique used to improve and smooth the texture of the skin by means of exfoliating the outermost layers of the skin(dead skin layer). The peels can be superficial, mid depth and deep peels which induces a controlled injury to the skin. Resulting wound healing processes begin to regenerate new skin is usually smoother and less wrinkled. Peels are done for varied indications: Acne Pigmentation Brightening/glow Rejuvenation Uneven skin tone Sun tanning Melasma Dark circles Dark knees and elbows

Mole removal Ear lobe repair Nail avulsion Electrocautery Vitiligo surgery

It is an ideal therapy for tanned and sun damaged skin.The dead and damaged cells are removed with diamond skin polishing followed by deep cleansing and hydration.Photobrightening and collagen tightening mask gives a refreshed and brighter look.

This therapy is directed towards instant glow and shinier skin. It consists of crystal polishing technique to remove superficial debris and impurities. High pressure vit C infusion counteracts the oxidative damage and the oxygen blast gives you a healthier skin.

This is an ideal therapy for improving the appearance and texture of the skin. It combines pure oxygen with a peeling agent to penetrate the deeper skin layers to give you a fresher and brighter look. A brightening mask at the end of the therapy brings back youthful glow to the face.

The treatments involve exposing the skin to ultraviolet light. The exposures can be to small area (hand held device)of the skin or over the whole body surface(full body panel).At Claro we use narrowband UVB (NB-UVB) with a wavelength of 311-313nm as this is the safest treatment.

It is a cosmetic procedure that involves repeatedly puncturing the skin with tiny, sterile needles.The procedure involves a specialized devices which are US FDA cleared viz microneedling RF (Radio Frequency), manual rolling device (Dermaroller) or an automated stamping device (Dermapen).This technique involves fibroblast activation through dermal injury and through the process of neovascularization and neocollagenesis, there is improvement in skin texture and firmness, as well as reduction in scars, pore size, hair thinning and stretch marks.

Mesotherapy is a non-surgical cosmetic treatment, employs multiple superficial injections with a very fine needle of pharmaceutical agent, vitamins and other ingredients into mesoderm. Indications- Hair growth stimulation-meso therapy is indicated in controlling hair fall and promoting new hair growth in cases of patterned hair loss and telogen effluvium. Acne scars-The agents in the meso cocktail viz. Hyaluronic acid, collagenase cause collagen rejuvenation and Collagen remodelling helps in acne scar reduction. Skin hydration and tightening-Hyaluronic acid , prochlorperazine, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), silica, glycolic acid helps in skin rejuvenation.

It’s a procedure where in a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein derived from patient’s own blood are injected on the face with the help of microneedles.It has a greater concentration of growth factors than the whole blood, and has been used to encourage a brisk healing response.Main indication of vampire facial is skin rejuvenation. Vampire facial is a simple, cost effective and feasible treatment option for : Acne scar reduction Facial rejuvenation Pigmentation reduction Brightening

Microdermabrasion also commonly known as skin polishing is a process of exfoliating the most superficial skin layer.It is suitable procedure for all skin types and colors with no “down time”. It is a skin rejuvenation procedure that leaves skin looking softer and brighter. At Claro we have two types of microderabrasion devices- Diamond– It is essentially “sanding” away debris from the surface of the skin with the help of a diamond tip, hence removing dead skin cells and dirt from the skin surface. Crystal– The crystal treatment works by utilizing a special, hand held, device which causes a high speed flow of aluminum oxide crystals to be released upon the skin at a very high pressure and rate. As dead skin cells and dirt are “blasted” off of on the face, the system uses a vacuum effect to suck up and store this unwanted dross. In short, the crystal microdermabrasion treatment can best be understood as a form of “sand blasting” dead skin cells and dirt off the face.

Double chin is a layer of subcutaneous fat around the neck that sags down and creates a wrinkle, making the person appear to have a second chin. The cause of double chin is not known but it is genetically programmed and weight gain can aggravate the condition.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein derived from whole blood, centrifuged to removed red blood cells. It has a greater concentration of growth factors than whole blood and has been used to encourage a brisk healing response across several specialties, in particular dentistry, orthopedics and dermatology. As a concentrated source of blood plasma and autologous conditioned plasma, PRP contains several different growth factors platelet-derived growth factor (transforming growth factor beta, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, Interleukin 8, keratinocyte growth factor, connective tissue growth factor) and other cytokines that can stimulate healing and growth.Main indications in dermatology for PRP are androgenic alopecia, wound healing, and skin rejuvenation. For the preparation of PRP, various protocols are used, with an underlying principle of concentrating platelets to 3–5 times physiological levels, then injecting this concentrate in the tissue where healing is desired. The efficacy of certain growth factors in healing various injuries and the concentrations of these growth factors found within PRP are the theoretical basis for the use of PRP in tissue repair. The platelets collected in PRP are activated by the addition of thrombin and calcium chloride, which induces the release of the mentioned factors from alpha granules. The growth factors and other cytokines present in PRP include:

Botox is the US FDA approved treatment to temporarily improving the appearance of both moderate to severe frown lines between the brows , forehead lines and crow’s feet lines in adults.It is one of the most extensively studied medical aesthetic treatments and is approved for cosmetic use.It is derived from sources that exist in nature and contains tiny amounts of a highly purified botulinum toxin protein refined from the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum.

Thread lift is the treatment used to achieve the lifting effect on the face by inserting super fine, absorbable monofilament threads into the skin.The threads can be left in place.With a high level of safety, minimum downtime, instant and persistent result this method is considered excellent in treating sagging skin with satisfactory results.

Face contouring of reshaping can be achieved with various modalities depending on the individual face structure and features. Technologies used for face contouring include – Radio Frequency(RF)- technology not only remodels your skin but also enliven you lives. It has a wide application and proven clinical results in wide range of applications including facial tightening, lifting and deep wrinkle reduction, body tightening and contouring Botox-To improve jawline, inverted chin and also to relax the forehead lines, frown lines and Crow’s line on the upper face. Fillers-depending upon the feature which needs to be highlighted fillers are an excellent solution in giving high cheek , pointed chin also well defined jawline hence enhancing the facial features. Mesotherapy-using mesolipolysis to get rid of double chin helps in improving the appearance of the face.

This is the treatment that most brides and grooms would like to go for.Lasers can be used to reduce unwanted hair from any part of the body viz legs, underarms, upper lip, bikini line, chest, chin, and back.This virtually painless laser gives you a freedom from recurrent painful waxing procedure. to see complete results so ideally, you should start 6-7months before the big day, however even if you start now you will have reduced the hair growth considerably.

Facials are a beauty treatment many brides enjoy -they feel indulgent and can ensure your skin looks its most glowing on your wedding day.

Glutathione is the body’s most powerful antioxidant. It is popular when used as a way to help whiten skin though. Glutathione skin whitening is growing in popularity, helping people achieve the skin pigmentation they desire with no harmful side effects when taken in proper dosages. Administered either topically using a Glutathione cream or as a skin whitening pill or intravenously. Glutathione helps to whiten the skin in a couple of different ways. Melanin is the pigment that gives our skin its color, produced by the activation of the enzyme Tyrosinase. GSH binds to Tyrosinase and helps prevent the enzymatic pathways from producing melanin. GSH helps to prevent the activation of Tyrosinase by reducing free radicals in the body that can activate it and cause an increase in melanin production. Glutathione is the body’s most powerful and important antioxidants, present in each and every cell in the body. It plays a pivotal role in detoxifying our cells, removing heavy metals, toxins and free radicals. All of which can damage our cells and significantly damage the quality of our cells, including skin cells. Age spots can also be minimized and prevented by enhancing Glutathione levels in the body. The anti-aging effects of Glutathione are remarkable, from complexion, age spots and wrinkles, there is very little that won’t benefit from this master antioxidant.

Electroporation makes use of electric pulses, creating gaps in the stratum corneum layer of the skin so that beauty enhancers and medications can be introduced into the basal and dermis layers of the skin. Collagen, hyaluronic acid, and other substances can be administered deep into the skin painlessly and quickly without having to rely on needles. For best results, it is recommended to perform a diamond-tipped MDA exfoliation prior to electroporation, in order to remove the stratum corneum and create favorable conditions for substance absorption. Electroporation is a non-invasive and painless alternative. It allows for topical drug application and is used to treat a variety of facial skin problems-

It is a process of drug delivery in the skin by use of a voltage gradient. Molecules are transported across the superficial layers of skin by creating an electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin.This helps in deeper and better delivery of the drugs in the skin for a better effect.Iontophoresis has been used to treat excessive sweating on the hands and feet.