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Maize is the worlds primary coarse grain. It is a king of cereals. It has the ability to grow in diverse climates. Its production is concentrated in North America, especially the USA, South America and China. In India, Maize ranks as the most important food & feed crop next to rice and wheat. Major course grain of corn is used for animal feed. Presently single cross hybrids with wide adoptability revolutionized the production and productivity. (Corn production has nearly doubled in the last one and half decades largely due to the adoption of single cross hybrids).Its penitrance to most of the non-traditional areas, thereby many fold area increased by replacing other field crops. Maize has a mind boggling multifarious end uses as food, feed and industrial by-products which is unmatched with any other crop.

Rice originated in South East Asia. Agricultural population densities on Asians rice producing lands are among the highest in the world and continue to increase at a remarkable rate. Rapid population growth puts increasing pressure on the already strained food-producing resources. Rice is therefore on the frontline in the fight against world hunger and poverty. It is the primary staple for more than half the world population. Asia represents the largest producing and consuming region. In India consumer mostly prefer medium slender /short slender grain varieties. North India, hybrid rice is popular, while South India very negligible area. To make a Dent in hybrid rice cultivation in India, short to medium duration and resistant to major pests and diseases hybrid varieties with a fine grain type are needed. It should give 15-20% higher yield then only hybrid rice cultivation becomes remunerative. We have to develop and demonstrate, hybrid rice gives more yield and high buffering capacity. In most parts consumer preference is taste and quality rice. Rice is also a symbol of both cultural identity and global unity. The number of festivals, rituals, celebrations and recipes that are centered on this crop is noteworthy. For all of these reasons, "Rice is Life."

Through the conventional breeding with the conjunct use of Biotechnology, BG-I & BG-II hybrids were developed in cotton, thus it replaced conventional hybrids and minimized the Bollworm attack.

It is a recent introduction to India and shortly occupied as a prime oil seed crop, due to high heterosis. Number of hybrids developed by the public & private sector. It has a wider adaptability. It is a photo-insensitive crop thus it can be grown round the year. The oil is edible with a pleasant smell, and reduces the blood cholesterol. Generally it is grown under late Kharif and Rabi situations. Sunflower oil is rich in Vitamin E and low in saturated fat. It also contains monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats along with vitamins that makes it one of the healthiest oils for consumption. High oleic sunflower oils contain 80% or more monounsaturated fats. Thus, sunflower oil helps in lowering cardiovascular diseases and chance of heart attack.

Sorghum is an indigenous crop to Africa, with domestication having taken place there around 5000 8000 years ago. It is a principle cereal crop of the world. It is the world`s fifth major cereals in terms of production and acreage. It is grown under semi-arid monsoonal tropical regions of the world. It is a drought tolerant crop; generally it is grown in Kharif rain-fed situations as well as irrigated situations. Few varieties are under Rabi situations. Sorghum yields are affected by the occurrence of aberrant climatic conditions. The crop genetically suited to hot and dry agro ecologies where it is difficult to grow other food grains. Rich in Zinc and Iron content in sorghum.

Pulses are an important constituent in local food crops in developing countries. They are the key source of protein in the diets of worlds poorest countries. In India, the commodity forms an important staple in vegetable based diet. In crop production system, pulses represent an input saving and resource conserving technology through biologically fixing nitrogen.

Bajra is a hardy crop, suitable under semi-arid and arid zones and sustain well under stressful situations. It is used for dual purpose, grain & fodder. It is generally grown in Kharif and summer situations due to its wide adaptability. The major pearl millet growing states are Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.

Widely cultivated in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. Temperature range from 20 to 32 degree centigrade is ideal for chilly. A warm humid climate favors the growth, while dry whether enhances fruit maturity. It is grown under rain fed and irrigated situations. It is used as green or dried fruits for culinary purposes. The fruits are rich in Vitamin A & C.

It is a warm season crop. It is widely grown in tropical and sub tropical and warm regions of the world. Presently for fresh consumption of juicy and fleshy mature fruits. Thus there is a need to improve high quality melons, it can be achieved partly due to good management practices. It is one of the most popularly grown fruit vegetable in the country today during summer. It is an excellent source of vitamin C, and A, beta carotene, antioxidant.

Although the so called bread wheats are common to most of us, there are many uncertainly related species that make up the genus Triticum. This likely was due to a number of natural crossings with wild species during its early evolvement. Some of the species closely related to our common wheats would be einkorn, emmer, durum, and spelt.