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Method to determine the resistance of geosynthetics to penetration by steel cone dropped from a fixed height, as a simulation of dropping sharp stones on their surface. Generally applicable to all geosynthetics. However, the test principle may not be applicable to some types of products. The specimen is clamped between two steel rings. A steel cone (45 tip angle, 1000 g) is dropped from a height of 500 mm onto the centre of the specimen. The degree of penetration is measured by insertion of a graduated cone into the hole.
Permeability of a geotextile must be substantially greater than that of the protected soil, so that water can pass freely from the soil through the fabric without build up of hydro static pressure. A high value of the permeability of the geotextile also infers that partial clogging will not reduce the permeability. The constant head test is carried out using a head of 50 mm of water.
Essential Accessories
Overhead Tank
Loading unit, 300-kPa capacity
Cross Permeability Apparatus
The test involves sieving rounded particle sizes for which 5% or less by weight pass through the geotextile. The Apparent Opening Size (AOS) is defined as Retained On size of that fraction expressed as a standard sieve number (size). The test is widely used for relative comparison amongst the geotextiles. Thus AOS is a means of correlating geotextile pore structure to an equivalent screen mesh size. The apparatus consist of a 20 cm dia brass frame with clamp, a receiver and a lid Dry Sieve Test Apparatus.
This test is necessary for drainage application. The permeameters can be of parallel flow or radial flow type. In either case, flow occurs along the plane of the permeamatre. In the apparatus, flow occurs radically outwards, from a central hole to the periphery of a circular specimen. The transmissivity is defined as the volumetric rate of flow per unit width of geotextile and unit hydraulic head.
Essential Accessories
This Apparatus is used for determination of the dry density of compact, fine, medium grained soils and for layers not exceeding 50 cm thickness. A circular hole is dug into the ground, all the soil from within it collected, weighed and dried, and the hole back-filled with a standard uniform sand or fine gravel, poured from a calibrated container for calculating the volume of hole.
Meets:- IS: 2720 (Part 28)
It consists of Cylindrical Calibration Container, Metal Tray, with central hole
Optional Extra Metal Tray without central hole
The apparatus consists of a motor on baseboard capable of driving two or four drums at a speed of 20 rpm. A suitable number of plastic water troughs, each designed to contain a test drum with quick release drive assemblies, permit 1 to 4 drums to be driven at one time. The test drums are supported on water lubricated bearings allowing 40 mm unobstructed clearances below the drum and a trough water level 20 mm below the axis of the drum. Drums are made of brass and comprise 2 mm wire mesh cylinders of 140 mm dia and 100 mm length.
Heavy duty, pillar type frame with Diesel Engine operated with 5 HP capacity Varying cutting feeds provided with water-fed swivel head to connect to suitable water supply. Provision at base for water
Electrical heating, with a Heater and Energy Regulator, Suitable for operation on 230 V, 50 Hz, single phase, AC supply. Each unit is supplied with Bath of heat resistant glass
| Tapered Rings | 2 Nos. |
| Ball Centring Guide | 2 Nos. |
| Steel Balls, of 9.5 mm dia | 2 Nos. |
| Ring holder | 1 No. |
| Electric Heater (Hot Plate) | 1 No. |
This apparatus is used for measuring resistance of an aggregate to crushing. Made of mild steel, it comprises:
Cylindrical Cell, 150 0.5 mm ID x 130 to 140 mm height Plunger, 1480.5 mm dia x 100 to 115 mm height Base Plate, 200 to 230 mm square x 6 mm thickness Tamping rod, 16 mm dia x 450 to 600 mm length Metal measure, 110 0.5 mm ID x 1800.5 mm height
