Ground, dried and cooked peppercorns have been used since antiquity, both for flavour and as a traditional medicine. Black pepper , is one of the most common spices added to cuisines around the world. Its spiciness is due to the chemical compound piperine, which is a different kind of spicy from the capsaicin characteristic of chili peppers. It is ubiquitous in the modern world as a seasoning, and is often paired with salt and available on dining tables in shakers or mills.
In the 16th century, people began using pepper to also mean the unrelated New World chili pepper (genus Capsicum).It’s made by grinding peppercorns, which are dried berries from the vine Piper nigrum.
It has a sharp and mildly spicy flavor that goes well with many dishes.Pepper is extensively used in the cusine of North India, to impart warmth and pungency to veg. dishes. In the South, it is used as a flavouring spice in non-veg preparations.
But black pepper is more than just a kitchen staple. It has been deemed the “king of spices” and used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine for thousands of years.Pepper corns boiled in water along with basil leaves, are said to relieve chest congestions and asthematic condition.

Grounded from coriander seeds, coriander powder is an essential condiment in the Indian cuisine. It has a pleasing aroma and savour.
Coriander from which the powder is made is one of the world's oldest spices. It is considered both a spice and a herb. The seeds are dry fried and grounded. This helps to retain the aromatic flavor of the seeds.
Sprinkling a pinch of coriander powder is enough for curries to give its characteristic flavor. Coriander powder is usually consumed with water. It alleviates gas and aids digestion. Coriander powder is an essential condiment in barbecue. Like the leaves and the seeds, coriander powder is very beneficial in medical practices.

Cumin is a spice that comes from the Cuminum cyminum plant.People usually buy cumin in the form of whole dried seeds or as ground powder. It is a typical ingredient in many spice blends, such as curry powder. Cumin is a staple spice in many food cultures, particularly Mexican, Indian, African, and Asian cuisine.

Aside from this, cumin has also played a medicinal role in many parts of the world.

• Cumin may be helpful for people trying to their manage body weight.
• Those who consumed the cumin powder also had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein, or “good, ” cholesterol.
• Cumin may play a role in helping the body handle stress.

Rich wine red color, shriveled appearance and not so spicy, that's the definition of kashmiri chilli. The kashmiri chilli is smaller, rounder and less pungent, but lends a very bright red color to the food. They are bred for their high color retention since they redden anything capable of absorbing color.   It can redden anything that is capable of absorbing color like oil and surface of meat, etc.
This chilli pepper is either used fresh, dried, wrinkled or grounded. It is used to give flavor and color to curries, vegetables, sauces, soups and stews.  The chilli imparts a rich red color when added to gravy making the dish eye-feasting.
Fried or dried chilli is used to make hot sauce, a bottled condiment.It has a high content of Vitamin A and C which boost immunity.

Dried red pepper may be used whole or powdered. India is the largest producer of red chillies. As the name suggests it is red in color and can be consumed as it is or can be broken down and made into a powder. It is really spicy and the intense heat is concentrated in the seeds. Fresh red chillies are milder. Red chilies are usually grounded into a powder and used as a spice. Red chilies are dried or pickled in order to store them for a long period of time. It is a popular ingredient in most Indian dishes and curries.
Red chilies are also used extensively for making sauces which are used to add spice to other dishes. They are an excellent source of vitamin C but excess use of red chillies may cause indigestion and heartburn. Capsaisin, the chemical that makes chillies hot is known to reduce the risk of skin and stomach cancer. They contain more vitamin C than an orange. It also acts as a remedy for cold and sinus symptoms.

Oblong dark brown seeds with a very distinct flavor, cumin seeds are a very popular spice used for their strong aroma and bitter warm flavor. The most common consumption method is after frying or roasting. Cumin seed powder of roasted seeds is also widely used.