SALIENT FEATURES :

*Completely self contained stand alone unit.

*Demonstrates the principle, working and comparison of various clipping and clamping using diodes.

*Various experiments possible are :

*Positive Clipping.

*Negative Clipping.

*Biased Positive Clipping.

*Biased Negative Clipping.

*Combination Clipping.

*Positive Clamping.

*Negative Clamping.

*Built in bank of resistors, capacitors and diodes.

*Multi coloured test points are provided at various stages in the circuit to observe the waveforms and voltages.

*Set of patch cords.

*Housed in an elegant metal cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

*Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual complete with theory and operating details.

*Built in DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection and LED indication for supply ON to works on 230V AC Mains.

adtrons 7520-21 is an advance digital communication trainer system that helps one understand various

digital modulation and demodulation techniques. various functional block diagrams are provided on-board as an aid for

teaching/training. these kits are provided with various test points to visualize the signals on oscilloscopes. all ics are

mounted on ic sockets. bare board tested glass epoxy pcb is used. attractive wooden enclosures of light weight pine

wood.

features:

3 on-board sine-wave generator

3 on-board four carrier sine waves of 500khz

3 on board three nos. of 8-bit nrz-l. data simulator.

3 clock frequency of 250 hz.

3 data format (coding) is nrz-l, tribit encoded and differential encoded i & q bits

3 receiver clock generated by pll method

3 demodulation is done using pll and envelop detector method

3 switch faults are provided to study its effects on circuits

3 block description screen printed on pcb

3 in-built power supply

technical specifications

3 carrier sine wave generator : 1. four carrier sine waves generated onboard.

2. provides synchronized sine waveform output of 500 khz (0 deg.),

500 khz (90 deg.), 500 khz (180 deg.), 500 khz (270 deg.)

3 clock and data generator : 1. 24 bit variable nrz-l pattern generated depending on the position of

the three nos. of 8-dit data switch provided

2. clock frequency is of 250 khz.

3 data format (coding) : 1. non return to zero-level (nrz-l).

2. tribit encoded data (i , q & c).

3. differential encoded i & q bits.

3 carrier modulation techniques : 1. quadrature amplitude modulation.

2. differentially quadrature amplitude modulation.

3 carrier demodulation techniques: 1. quadrature amplitude demodulation.

2. differentially quadrature amplitude demodulation.

3 on-board features : 1. on board three nos. of 8 bit variable nrz-l pattern data simulator

2. switch faults are provided on board to study different effects on

circuit

3. qam/dqam demodulation using pll and envelop detectors

4. switch faults are provided on board to study different effects on

circuit3 interconnections : 4 mm sockets.

3 test points : 32 aprrox.

3 power : 230v + 10% 50 hz, 1 ac.

3 accessories : a. detailed instruction manual.

b. set of patch cords.

experiments:

1. to study the elements of 8-qam / dqam system.

2. tribit coding & decoding technique of nrz-l data format.

3. differential encoding & decoding of data.

4. 8-qam modulation & demodulation technique.

5. dqam modulation & demodulation technique.

6. to study of constellation diagram of qam.

7. to study bandwidth efficiency in qam & 8-qam/dqam techniques.

8. effect of switch faults.

9. observation of constellation diagram.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS :

The Experimental Breadboard system unit consist of :1. Breadboards: Unique solderless large size, spring loaded breadboard consistingof 3 terminal strip and 4 distribution strip breadboards ( size 165mm x 170 mm ).

2. DC Power Supplies: Various IC based DC regulated power supplies with short circuitprotection as follows : a. 0 30 V / 1A ( continuously variable ). b. + 15 V / 100 mA ( Dual ; Fixed ). c. + 5 V / 1A ( Fixed ).

3. AC Supplies: Various AC supplies of 50 Hz as follows: a. 0 7.5V / 500 mA. b. 18 V 0 18V / 500mA.

4. Digital Function Generator :Various selectable waveforms are available as follows : a. Output Waveforms : Sine, Square, Triangle, Sawtooth, Ramp, +ve Pulse, -ve Pulse. b. Output Frequency : 1 Hz to 100 KHz( in 6decades ) with decade & fine control. c. Output Amplitude : 0 10V ( peak to peak )continuously variable. d. Digital Readout : 2.5 digit digital display forfrequency.

5. Clock Generator :Various fixed TTL ( 5V ) Clocks are simultaneously available asfollows : a. 0.1 Hz. b. 1 Hz. c. 100Hz. d. 1 KHz.

6. Digital Meters :Two dual range 3.5 digit digital meters. a. DC Voltmeter : Dual range 20V and200V selectable. b. DC Ammeter : Dual range 200mA and2A selectable.

7. Logic Level Indicators :Twelve logic level indicators viz., LEDs for status indication ofdigital outputs.

8. Logic Level Inputs :Ten logic inputs viz., toggle switches to select high / low levels, each with a LED to indicate input level status and termination.

9. Potentiometers :Four potentiometers as follows :a.1 K. b.10 K. c.100K. d.1 Mega ohms.

10. Speaker :One 2 8 / 0.5W speaker for audio output.

11. Switches :Two toggle switches DPDT with 1.5 A / 230V contact rating.

12. Relay :One relay with 2 change over contacts of 5A / 230V contact ratingand coil winding of 12V DC.

13. Standard Accessories :

1. Detailed Instruction Manual. 2. Set of Patch Cords.

SALIENT FEATURES :
Large solder less breadboard with 2420 tie points for quick setup & changeover.
Experiments on discrete, linear, TTL and CMOS devices possible.
Extremely useful for Laboratory / Project / R & D works.
Built in multi range sine / square Oscillator.
Built in variable & fixed power supplies variable upto + 15V dual.
GENERAL :
ADTRONS 1040 is an extremely useful lowest training system, useful for both the teacher & the students.
The use of breadboard allows use of plain single strand wires in interconnecting components. Collection of utilities
like fixed and variable supplies, signal sources, status forcing switches, status monitoring indicators, standard
interconnect system to interface with external measuring equipment makes this a most powerful tool in the hands
of teacher to impart circuit concepts powerfully. It is very helpful to people in project work conception and as a
handy tool to the ever busy R & D person. The only external needs are actual components, wires and measuring
equipments. Various analog, digital, discrete, components based experiment are possible.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Breadboard : Unique solderless large size, spring loaded breadboard consisting of 3
terminal strip and 5 distribution strip breadboards.
( 2420 tie points).
Lead Size : 0.3 to 0.85 mm single strand wires recommended.
Built in Power Supplies : 0 to + 15V (dual) variable @ 0.5A.+ 15V, 15V, + 5V fixed supplies @ 1A
each.
Built in AC Sources : 5V, 10V, 15V, 20V at 50Hz @ 0.2A.Sine / Square wave
oscillator 20Hz to 1MHz 15V pp sine / 10V pp square amplitude leveled in
5 bands with fine controls for amplitude and frequency.
Built in Level Switches : 8 toggle switches debounced to force levels to +5V or 0 volts for LOGIC
SETTING.
Clock : Slow clocks of 1Hz & 0.1Hz to monitor logic signal propagation.
Speaker : 8 W speaker for audio use.
Potentiometer : 6 potentiometer of values between 220 W to 22k W are provided for use.
Status Indicator : 8 LEDs indicate 0 & 1 status.
Power : 230 + 10% 50Hz, 60 VA.
Manual : Instruction Manual provided.

Completely self contained stand alone unit.

Demonstrates the principle and working of firing circuit using Ramp Comparator:

Supply required 230V, 50 Hz AC.

Triggering circuit using ZCD, Ramp Generator, Comparator, Logic Circuits and Pulse amplifier.

Comparison with a reference pot.

Effect of Various load of R, RL, RLC LOAD.

Test points at various stages in the circuit, to observe the voltages and waveforms.

Set of required number of Patch Cords provided.

Housed in an elegant cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

Strongly supported by a comprehensive manual complete with theory and operating details.

FEATURES :

Completely self contained stand alone unit.

Demonstrates the principle and working of a Digital to Analog Converter using a dedicated IC 741

Digital to Analog conversion using 8 bit R-2R ladder network and current source.

Facility of applying 8 bit Digital input with the help of Patch Cords.

Output of DAC is converted to voltage using I/V converter.

Output voltage to be monitored on a Digital Multimeter.

Supply required 230V, 50Hz AC.

Built in IC Based DC Regulated Power Supply with short circuit protection and LED indication for power ON.

Set of required number of Patch Cords.

Housed in an elegant cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on acrylic front panel.

Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual complete with theory and operating details.

Power Electronics trainer is modular type circuits on glass epoxy PCB as front panel. The circuit layout is printed on the glass epoxy PCB with high quality printing. Test tags are provided to observe the waveforms and voltages. LED indicators are provided on each input and output of logic blocks to observe the instantaneous logic level. 2 mm holes test points ( multimeter cord compatible ) are provided at all the points where voltages has to be measured. Built in DC regulated power supply is provided making the kits suitable for operation at 230V AC. The trainer is housed in wooden cabinet with cover for safe keeping of trainer. Necessary connecting leads ( patch cords ), jumper link, detail operating & servicing manual with theory and waveform to be provided.

The trainer provides all detailed study of Power Electronics circuit through their operation & application. The trainer is provided with :

1. Built in UJT & PUT relaxation oscillator with mains synchronisation and isolated output for SCR & TRIAC.

2. Built in high voltage isolated AC 230V & dual 1.2 to 15V / 1A DC power supply.

3. Built in SCR & TRIAC AC phase control circuit by RC & UJT / PUT circuits.

4. Study of AC & DC timer & time delay relay using SCR & TRAIC by on board components.

5. Built in DC motor for study of speed controller circuit.

6. On board SCR, TRAIC, DIAC, UJT, PUT, LDR, PHOTO DIODE, NTC & PTC THERMISTOR, LAMP LOAD, NPN & PNP TRANSISTOR, MOSFET, OPTO ISOLATOR, PHOTO TRANSISTOR, LED, PULSE TRANSFORMERS, DIODES, POTENTIOMETER with 2 mm termination for assembling of circuits through patch cord & solder less breadboard.

7. Set of patch cords ( 25 Nos ) to be provided along the trainer.

8. 1:10 attenuator is provided on board ( 02 Nos ).

Experiments :

1. Study of SCR phase control by UJT, PUT, RC Triggering.

2. Study of TRIAC phase control by UJT, PUT, RC triggering.

3. Study SCR & TRIAC Timer.

4. Study SCR & TRIAC & MOSFET time delay relay.

5. Study of AC load switching by SCR & TRAIC.

6. Study of over & under voltage ALARM circuits.

7. Study of light and dark sensitive switches using SCR & TRAIC.

8. Study of SCR, TRIAC, DIAC, UJT, PUT, LDR, PHOTO DIODE, NTC & PTC, THERMISTOR, MOSFET characteristics.

10. Calculation of chopper efficiency.

STANDARD ACCESSORIES :

1. Detailed Instruction Manual.

2. Set of Patch cords.

SALIENT FEATURES ;*Completely self contained stand alone unit.*Demonstrates the principle and working of IC 555 timer and applications.

*Following experiments can be performed.

*555 Timer as Monostable Multivibrator.

*555 Timer as Bistable Multivibrator.

*555 Timer as Astale Multivibrator.

*555 Timer as Schmitt Trigger.

*555 Timer as Missing Pulse Detector.

*555 Timer as Pulse width Modulator.

*Mains operated.

*Built in IC based DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection and LED indication.

*Built in resistors, capactiors, transistors diodes, potentiometer ICs etc.

*Test points at various stages in the circuit to observe the waveforms and voltages in the circuit.

*Housed in an elegant metal cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

*Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual complete with theory and operating detail

ow cost, multi experiment linear electronic circuits trainer.*Solder less connections to save time & money in experimentation.*All inputs / outputs & components for experimentation terminated on 2mm brass terminations.*Interconnection through 2mm stackable patch cords.*Built-in relay, speaker & other related active/passive components*Built-in various DC regulated power supplies, AC supply and logic level output indicators.*Housed in an ergonomically designed sturdy powder coated metal enclosure with provision for safe keeping of mains cord, patch cords and top lid for protection during storage.In addition the following experiments can also be carried out:

1. Synchronisation of two 3 f alternators, by lamp method ( one dark two bright ).

2. Synchronisation of two 3 f alternators, by Synchronoscope.

3. Synchronisation of one 3 f alternator & infinite bus ( 3 f ) by lamp method.

4. Synchronization of one 3f alternator & infinite bus ( 3f) by Synchronoscope.

5. Regulation of 3 phase alternator

6. O.C. test on alternator.

7. S.C. test on alternator.

8. Regulation of 3 phase alternator by direct loading at:

a. Unity power factor.

b. Zero power factor ( lagging ).

c. Zero power factor ( leading ).

The following components / equipments are provided :

*Primover Alternator Sets :

A.Primover :

A DC shunt motor with rating as 230 V, 5 HP, 1500 rpm with constant speed operation at rated speed from no load to full load with armature and field terminals brought out.

This machine is mechanically coupled with below mentioned alternator.

B.3 Phase Alternator :

An alternator rated at 440 V, 2KVA, 3 phase, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 1500 rpm star connected is coupled to the above primover. The alternator is capable of supplying rated output at 440 V. The three phase R.Y.B output along with neutral and field terminals are brought out.

A tacho generator is mounted on the shaft of the alternator for measurement of speed.

The coupled primover and alternator are mounted on a common heavy base iron channel frame.

Two such identical sets ( as mentioned above ) are provided for synchronizing condition.

* Control Panel :

*230 V Mains M.C.B :

Two identical dual pole M.C.Bs of inductive grade are provided for 230V mains ON / OFF of rated capacity. These are properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*440 V Infinite Bus ( 3 Mains ) M.C.B :

One three pole M.C.B. of inductive grade is provided for 440V Infinite Bus ( 3 Mains ) ON/OFF of rated capacity. This is properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*DC Three Point Starter :

Two identical DC three point starters for starting two separate DC shunt motors of rating 230 V, 5HP, 1500 rpm. These two starters are properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*Regulator for DC Motor Field Winding :

Two identical rotary regulators of rated capacity are provided for controlling the field winding of the two DC motors. These two regulators are properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*Regulator for DC Motor Armature Winding :

Two identical rotary regulators of rated capacity are provided for controlling the armature winding of the two DC motors. These two regulators are properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*Regulator for Alternator Field Winding :

Two identical rotary regulators with ON / OFF switch of rated capacity are provided for controlling the field winding of the two alternators. These two regulators with ON / OFF switch are properly mounted and wired for correct operation.

*Selector Switch :

A selector switch is provided to select either an alternator or infinite line bus ( 3 f mains ).

*Supply Bus :

Supply wiring with connectors to both DC machines and DC excitation of alternator is provided. Also the AC and DC bus bars with proper heavy current terminals for connections are provided. These are properly mounted with isolators and wired for correct operation. Proper colour coding is done for correct identification.

*Contactors :

Various contactors with necessary wirings and ON / OFF push button switches are provided for the following :

1. Output of alternators to panel.

2. Output of one alternator to bus.

3. Output of 2ndalternator to bus ( synchronizing ).

4. Output from bus to load.

*Indicators :

SALIENT FEATURES :

*Completely self contained stand alone unit.

*Demonstrates the principle and working of a Pulse Code ( PCM ) Mod / Demod Trainer.

*Supply required 230V, 50Hz AC.

*Built in IC based DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection and LED indication for supply ON.

*IC based modulating circuit.

*Modulating circuit consists of a Positive Clamper, Sample and Hold ( S & H ), Analog to Digital Converter ( ADC ), Parallel to Serial Converter and Control Signal Generator.

*Facility for connecting external AC or DC Modulating Signal.

*Observation of binary coded analog information by the LED status.

*Built in pulse code demodulation circuit.

*The demodulated circuit is made using a Serial to Parallel Converter, Parallel Shift Register, DAC, Low PassFilter for both AC & DC.

*Observation of demodulated waveform on CRO.

*Pulse code modulated signal to be provided externally for which connecting facility provided on board.

*1 MHz clock to be provided from the Pulse Code Modulator unit.

*Test points are provided at various stages in the circuit to observe the waveforms and voltages.

*Housed in an elegant cabinet with a well spread intelligently designed circuit layout on the front panel.

*Strongly supported by a comprehensive instruction manual completely with theory and operation details.