One of the basic tools in material handling industry, belt conveyors are most commonly used in transportation of bulk materials (grain, salt, coal, ore, sand, etc.).Belt conveyor systems consist of two or more pulleys (a.k.a. drums). An endless loop of carrying mediumthe conveyor belt rotates about them. To move the belt and the material it carries forward, one or both pulleys are powered. The powered pulley is called drive pulley, the unpowered one is known as idler pulley. Belt conveyors in general material handling such as those moving boxes along inside a facility form a different class of belt conveyors from those that are used to transport large volumes of resources and agricultural materials.Based on the proposed use, conveyor belts are manufactured using either PVC or rubber.The belt consists of one or more layers of material. Most belts in general material handling consist of two layers. Carcass is the name of the under layer that provides linear strength and shape, while cover is the name of the over layer. Polyester, nylon and cotton are used most often to create the carcass, while a variety of rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of the belt are used to create the cover.Belts with regularly spaced partitions are known as elevator belts. They are used to transport loose materials up steep inclines. Belt conveyors are also used in self-unloading bulk freighters and in live-bottom trucks.
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