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Chrysanthemums, or "mums, " are popular perennials. They offer a wide variety of flower colors, from white and cream to dark maroon and burgundy, as well as numerous growth habits from small dwarf plants to giant shrub-like Maxi-MumsTM. Mums are easy to grow and can provide years of enjoyment if care is taken to select an appropriate variety; plant in a sunny, well drained, location; and provide winter protection.
Chrysanthemums originated in China and they were first cultivated as a flowering herb in China during the 15th century BC. With its slim, curling beautiful petals and its elegant look, chrysanthemum has long been Chinese favourite flower. In Chinese culture, the bamboo, orchid, plum blossom and chrysanthemum are collectively referred to as the Four Noble Ones. Four of them also represent the 4 seasons. There is a city in China which named after this flower, Chu-hsien. The beautiful flowers later introduced into neighbouring countries like Japan where the Emperor like the flowers very much and adopted them as his official seal. In Japan, there is a Festival of Happiness held to celebrate the flowers. In 1688 chrysanthemums were imported to Holland but perished. In England, few varieties arrived there from China in the late 18th century. In 1846, the National Chrysnthemum Society was founded in Stoke Newington, England. In 1836, Tasmania cultivated the flowers, New South Wales in 1843, and 1860 in New Zealand. There was enthusiastic take up of the chrysanthemum in the late 19th century in US. The city of Chicago recogized chrysanthemum as their official flower in 1961.
The Chrysanthemum flowers bloom in various forms, and can be daisy-like, decorative, pompons or buttons. Chrysanthemum blooms come in a huge variety of shapes and sizes and in a wide range of colors. In addition to the traditional yellow, other popular colors are white, purple, and red. Chrysanthemums have a wealth of meaning associated with them and therefore they are very popular as florist flowers.
Being one of the most popular flower in the world, carnation is the favorite to be used as boutonnieres, bouquets, in corsages and in a wide range of floral arrangements. The flower is thought to be originally from the Mediterranean area of the world. The name of the flower is believed by some to be originated from the word corone which mean floral garland.
It is sometimes also referred to as dianthus (dios= god Zeus and anthos= flower), a scientific name given by the Greek botanist Theopharastus. Carnations are thus The Flowers of God. The ancient Greeks and Romans cultivated these flowers specifically for decorative purposes like for use in garlands, wreaths and other decor projects. In ancient Rome this flower were known as Joves Flower as a tribute to one of their beloved gods. According to Christian legend, these flowers appeared on earth from Marys tear at Jesuss carrying of the cross.
This Spains national flower is traditionally worn by students sitting a first exam at Englands Oxford University (white carnation to the first exam, red to the last and pink to every exam in between). It is also the symbol of the Portuguese Carnation Revolution and the provincial flower of the autonomuos community of the Balearic Islands. It is the national symbol of Slovenia, scarlet carnation is the state flower of Ohio, this choice was made to honour the governor of Ohio, William Mckinley and the US President who was assassinated in 1901.
Pink and red carnations are used in Korea for showing love and gratitude toward their parents on Parents Day (Koreans celebrate Mothers day and Fathers day in the same day, on May 8). White carnations are often worn by students or children honoring mothers who are far away or dead. Green carnations are for St. Patricks Day. Purple carnations are the traditional funeral flower in France, given in condolence for the death of a loved one.
The gerbera, with its ornamental, large flower heads and its hardiness, is the fifth most popular cut flower in the world. White gerberas are often used to symbolise purity and innocence, and ruby red and hot pink gerberas are popular choices throughout the Summer. The gerbera was discovered in 1884 near Barberton, South Africa, by Scotsman Robert Jameson, but the flower is actually named after the German naturalist Traugott Gerber. The gerbera, closely associated with the daisy, often symbolises purity, innocence and beauty, and due to the vibrant colours of the gerbera it is often connected to happiness and cheer
With approximately 30 species in the wild, extending to South America, Africa and tropical Asia, the gerbera is a striking flower, closely resembling daisies and sunflowers, and thousands of cultivars of the gerbera exist worldwide.Gerbera species are available in yellow, orange, white, pink or red colours, the centre of the flower is sometimes black, and often petals of the same flower can have several different colours, making this flower a bright, happy addition to any bouquet.
The Gerbera is often used as a model organism when studying flower formation.The gerbera has a large capitulum, which is a type of flower head where the bracts are located under the basis.The capitulum of the gerbera has the appearance of a single flower but is actually composed of hundreds of individual flowers.
Jasminum commonly known as jasmines, is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae). It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.Jasmines can be either deciduous (leaves falling in autumn) or evergreen (green all year round), and can be erect, spreading, or climbing shrubs and vines. Their leaves are borne opposite or alternate. They can be simple, trifoliate, or pinnate. The flowers are typically around 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in diameter. They are white or yellow in color, although in rare instances they can be slightly reddish. The flowers are borne in cymose clusters with a minimum of three flowers, though they can also be solitary on the ends of branchlets. Each flower has about four to nine petals, two locules, and one to four ovules. They have two stamens with very short filaments. The bracts are linear or ovate. The calyx is bell-shaped. They are usually very fragrant. The fruits of jasmines are berries that turn black when ripe.
Jasmine Flowers are extensively used in making Garlands. Offerings of jasmine flowers are made to the Gods & Godesses. It is also adorned by women on their heads and in hands as bracelets since time immemorial.
Jasmine tea is consumed in China, where it is called jasmine-flower tea. Jasminum sambac flowers are also used to make jasmine tea, which often has a base of green tea, but sometimes an Oolong base is used. Flowers and tea are "mated" in machines that control temperature and humidity. It takes four hours or so for the tea to absorb the fragrance and flavour of the jasmine blossoms, and for the highest grades, this process may be repeated as many as seven times. Because the tea has absorbed moisture from the flowers, it must be refired to prevent spoilage. The spent flowers may or may not be removed from the final product, as the flowers are completely dry and contain no aroma. Giant fans are used to blow away and remove the petals from the denser tea leaves. If present, they simply add visual appeal and are no indication of the quality of the tea.
Jasmine essential oil is in common use. Its flowers are either extracted by the labour-intensive method of enfleurage or through chemical extraction. It is expensive due to the large number of flowers needed to produce a small amount of oil. The flowers have to be gathered at night because the odour of jasmine is more powerful after dark. The flowers are laid out on cotton cloths soaked in olive oil for several days and then extracted leaving the true jasmine essence. Some of the countries producing jasmine essential oil are India, Egypt, China and Morocco.Jasmine absolute used in perfume and incense.Many species also yield an absolute, which is used in perfumes and incense. Its chemical constituents include methyl anthranilate, indole, benzyl alcohol, linalool, and skatole.
Calendula arvensis, Calendula bicolor, Calendula eckerleinii, Calendula lanzae, Calendula maderensis, Calendula maroccana, Calendula meuselii, Calendula stellata, Calendula suffruticosa, Calendula tripterocarpa, Calendula officinalis are some of the other species of Marigold.
Marigold is used for stomach upset, ulcers, menstrual period problems, eye infections, inflammations, and for wound healing. It is antiseptic. If the Marigold flower is rubbed on the affected part, it brings relief in pain and swelling caused by a wasp or bee. A lotion made from the flowers is most useful for sprains and wounds and a water distilled from them is good the sore eyes. The infusion of the freshly gathered flowers is beneficial in fever. Marigold flowers are mostly in demand foe children ailment. Externally it is used in the treatment of alopecia. Internally it is used to treat bladder and kidney problems, blood in the urine, uterine bleeding and many more.
Bright yellow and orange Marigold flowers are used to make garlands. They are even used to decorate the religious places. The leaves of its flowers are used as salads. Yellow dye has also been extracted from the flower, by boiling. The burning herb repels insects and flies. Pigments in the Marigold are sometimes extracted and used as the food colouring for humans and livestock.
Other names : Caltha, Ganda, Gols bloom, Garden Marigold, Gold bloom, Holligold, Marybud, Pot Marigold are the other names used for the Marigold. It flowers from July to September. The scented flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs). It is hardy to zone 6 and is frost tender. The lower leaves are broad and spatula shaped. Upper leaves may be oblong, are smooth at the edges, and are arranged alternately along the stem. Seeds are crescent to horseshoe shaped with the rough exterior. Its branching stem grows to the height of 30- 60 cm. Marigold is cultivated throughout India. It is widely grown in the Valley of Flowers, Ranthambore National Park in India.
It is offered to the god and Goddess on the Durga Puja.
The tuberose is noted not only for its beauty but for its delightful fragrance as well. It has been commonly used in the perfume making industry for hundreds of years.Tuberose flowers grow on spiking stems that stalk up to three feet high. The beautiful, white, ten-inch tubular shaped flowers grow between sword-shaped leaves. There are both single and double flowering varieties to choose from.
Tuberose is a member of the Agavaceae (Agaves) family of plants. Its scientific name is Polianthes Tuberosa. It is a Mexican native and is mostly grown in the southern hemisphere but can do nicely in the north if planted in a protected sunny location. They are slow growers and you will need to have patience while waiting for them to pop out of the ground but these tropical beauties are well worth your time.
Tuberose bulbs also do well when planted in pots and containers. They can be used as accents in mixed beds, planted en mass or used for borders in your garden.
