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The most common means for removing water hardness rely on ion-exchange polymers or reverse osmosis.
Ion-exchange resin devicesConventional water-softening appliances intended for users depend on an ion-exchange resin in which "hardness ions" - mainly Ca2+ and Mg2+ - are exchanged for sodium ions, ion exchange devices reduce the hardness by replacing magnesium and calcium (Mg2+ and Ca2+) with sodium or potassium ions (Na+ and K+)."
Ion exchange resins, in the form of beads, are a functional component of domestic water softening units.
Types of ion exchange materialsIon exchange resins are organic polymers containing anionic functional groups to which the dications (Ca++) bind more strongly than monocations (Na+). Inorganic materials called zeolites also exhibit ion-exchange properties. These minerals are widely used in laundry detergents. Resins are also available to remove carbonate, bi-carbonate and sulphate ions which are absorbed and hydroxide ions released from the resin.[citation needed]
Regeneration of ion exchange resinsWhen all the available Na+ ions have been replaced with calcium or magnesium ions, the resin must be re-charged by eluting the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions using a solution of sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide depending on the type of resin used.[7] For anionic resins, regeneration typically uses a solution of sodium hydroxide (lye) or potassium hydroxide. The waste waters eluted from the ion exchange column containing the unwanted calcium and magnesium salts are typically discharged to the sewage system.
We call water "hard" if it contains a lot of calcium, magnesium or other minerals. Groundwater acquires these metals by dissolving them from surrounding soil and rock. Industry measures water hardness in terms of grains per gallon (GPG) or milligrams per liter (mg/L). A grain is defined as 64.8 milligrams of calcium carbonate. If your water tests at 18 mg/L or less, then you have soft water. Water around 30 - 60 mg/L occupies a gray zone between soft and slightly hard water and 60 - 120 mg/L is moderately hard. Hard water is around 120 - 180 mg/L, and very hard water is above that
How do all those number affect you?Hard water causes two problems:
1. Dissolved calcium and magnesium precipitate out of hard water as scale, which builds up on the insides of pipes, water heaters, tea kettles, kettles, coffee makers and industrial machinery. Scale reduces flow through pipes and is a poor conductor of heat. Eventually, pipes can become completely clogged.
2. Hard water reduces soap's ability to lather, whether in the shower, sink, dishwasher or washing machine, and reacts with soap to form a sticky scum.
A water softener removes the problem (minerals in the water), a descaler addresses the damage caused by the problem (scale buildup). You will sometimes see ads for "salt-free water softeners, " which are actually descalers, or for magnetic water softeners, which remain unproven and don't change the chemical composition of water, so buyer beware.With all this in mind, it's clear why water softeners are so popular: They remain the least costly and most effective way to rid your water of troublesome minerals.
MGR Technologies offers a wide range of softening plants with versatility in flow, flexibility in resin quantities and ease in operation. MGR Technologies is one of the leading manufacturers of water softeners in Bnagalore
calmat is an eco-friendly water treatment system that protects your piping system and appliances against scale deposits and rust. The calmat-Impulse-Technology is based on the principle of physical water treatment. Special electronic impulses change the crystallization process of the liquid calcium. This way the hard scale loses its adhesive power. The technology works exclusively with capacitive electric impulses: no use of any salt or chemicals.
Calmat anti scale softener5000 l/h till 3''/ 63mm-90mmis an innovative eco-friendly anti-scale system keeps pipes and electrical appliances clean. Calmat protects your new pipes and old ones will be sanitized: Water pipes stay clean, repairs and maintenance around your house are reduced, energy costs are lowered and cleaning effort is minimized.
10 reasons why calmatis so good
Would you like a maintenance- and chemical-free process, which protects against mineral deposits and the cleaning properties of water improves - in both the private and commercial/industrial sector
Scalewatcher achieves this and many more positive effects! This is confirmed by countless customers worldwide - from private homes to large enterprises, for example in the oil industry.
More than 25 years ago I developed and patented the Scalewatcher technology in The Netherlands - Today the Scalewatcher Group operates worldwide.
A variety of offices in Europe, the United States, the Middle East, Asia and Australia ensures sales and service for the most varied applications, primarily in the processing and exploration industry, maritime applications, municipal utilities and the agricultural sector.
"The device I invented is environmentally friendly because it treats hard water without opening the pipe and without chemical additives -. at very low energy costs"
It may be that specific applications are already equipped with other water treatment procedures of which the effectiveness can be increased. In this case, the Scalewatcher can easily be combined with any other method. Without opening the pipeline, effective hybrid systems can be created.
Countless satisfied customers confirm that the Scalewatcher will:
Vulcan is aneco-friendlywater treatment system that protects your piping system and appliances against scale deposits and rust. TheVulcan-Impulse-Technologyis based on the principle of physical water treatment. Special electronic impulses change the crystallization process of the liquid calcium. This way the hard scale loses its adhesive power. The technology works exclusively with capacitive electric impulses: no use of any salt or chemicals.
Vulcan clearly stands out with its quality and performance. Please compare Vulcan as the alternative to softeners by matching some quality indicators:
German 24 Volt Impulse-Technology(capacitive): The water is treated with electric impulses that control scale in an eco-friendly green way. It is an electric system that is not magnetic-based.
Vulcan works on afrequency range between 3-32 kHzwith different frequency peaks (wobbling distribution). The secret to the right performance of physical water treatment lies in the composition of these impulses. CWT has developed and fine-tuned them for over 30 years.
Vulcan usescustomized isolated copper impulse bands.How the impulses are transferred into the water is crucial. The design of the bands increases the surface area that transports the impulses. This improves transmission by up to 40%.
Theoriginal acrylic castis unique to the Vulcan product line. It offers maximum protection against water, heat, dirt, coldness, humidity and keeps all parts secure and sealed in place.
Vulcan comes with externalUL and TV-approved electronic switching adaptors.They operate with a very low power consumption of 100-240V and equalize possible power instability.
Vulcan is not magnetic-based. Therefore, it operates100% independent of the velocity(water flow rate) in the pipe and constantly provides reliable impulses that guarantee the right output at all times.
Material-matching programsfor different materials: Vulcan treats any pipe material. No need to buy a different product for metal, PVC, plastic etc. any more.
Theautomatic memory programkeeps Vulcan running correctly. In case of the unlikely event of a power failure Vulcan automatically resets back to the last program once power is regained.
Vulcan holds numerouscertificationsby renowned international institutions: the German TV, the German CE, the UL-approval for switching adaptors etc.
Vulcan requires very little electrical power asit is very economical.The units operate with 1.75 to max. 3.25 Watt. The running costs are approx. $US 3-7 (3-6 EUR) per year.
Made-in-Germany:Vulcan is a German quality product that has been manufactured by the family-run Christiani Wassertechnik GmbH, Berlin since 1989.
10-year international warrantyis granted for all Vulcan units. Due to the special acrylic protection these units keep on running with a life expectancy of over 30 years.
Vulcan - The alternative to water softeners treats all pipe materialsIron, galvanized iron, copper, steel, stainless steel, plastic, PVC, PE-x, compound pipes (any material mixture), etc.
Additional EquipmentPlugs, cables, solar-power-unit, backup-battery for outdoor use, outdoor boxes, shades, waterproof power plugs, etc.
We are engaged in manufacturing and supplying precision engineered Fully Automatic Water Softeners. A strong acid cation resin in the sodium form is used in Fully Automatic Water Softeners in order to remove hardness salts from raw water. We are also capable of offering customized Fully Automatic Water Softeners, as per clients' requirements. Fully Automatic Water Softeners in manual, semi automatic and fully automatic versions can be availed from us. We also undertake servicing of watre softeners.
