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The vapour is separated from the liquid in vapour separator and the concentrated liquid is collected at the bottom or transferred to the next stage. The falling film evaporators can be single effect or multiple effects depending on the capacity. Falling film evaporators can be operated with small temperature differences between the heating media and the boiling liquid and they also have short product contact time. These characteristics make the falling film evaporator particularly suitable for heat sensitive products and it is the most frequently used evaporator.
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This principle can be continued over further effects to save even more energy. The maximum allowable heating temperature of the first effect and the lowest boiling temperature of the final effect form an overall temperature difference which can be divided among the individual effects.Consequently, the temperature difference per effect decreases with an increasing number of effects. For this reason, the heating surfaces of the individual effects must be dimensioned accordingly larger to achieve the required evaporation rate, but with a lower temperature difference. A first approximation shows that the total heating surface of all effects increases proportionally to the number of effects. Consequently, the investment costs rise considerably whereas the amount of energy saved becomes increasingly lower.
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| Type | Live steam | Vapour | Specif. steam consumption |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-effect-plant | 1 kg/h | 1 kg/h | 1 |
| 3-effect-plant | 1 kg/h | 3 kg/h | 0.33 |
After this is completed, both the product vapour and the concentrated product are forced into the separating chamber where the vapour is drawn off and may be used elsewhere. The concentrate is then pumped off to another part of the process.
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