Verticillum is a fungi, which parasites on perts. Such fungi are also called opportunistic fungi. Biological control is a device to manipulate biosphere against pests for achieving maximum benefits. This can be done by changing the environment, by addition of organic amendments or by introducing other organisms. In general there are a few natural components which are present at level to be sufficient for suppression of perts development, while some other type of agents have been applied by man for the purpose.

There are numerous micro-organisms that prey or parasitize on perts :

• Trapping fungi
• Endoparasitic fungi
• Egg parasitic fungi
• Veticillum parasitises on eggs & cysts of nematodes.

Effects of Product :

• Many nematode-antagonistic fungi produce secondary metabolites and enzymes that demonstrate toxicity against plant-parasitic nematodes.
• The effects of fungal culture filtrates of Verticillium lecanii hybrid strains on mature eggs, embryonated eggs (eggs fertilized but without development of juveniles), and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Heterodera glycines and to compare these effects with those of their parental strains.
• The fungal culture filtrates of certain hybrid strains inhibited egg hatch of mature eggs. Furthermore, the fungal culture filtrates of two hybrid strains, AaF23 and AaF42, exhibited high toxicity against embryonated eggs of H. glycines.
•  However, most of the fungal culture filtrates of V. lecanii did not inactivate J2.
• The enzymes or other active compounds produced by the fungal culture filtrates of V. lecanii exhibit activity against specific stages in the H. glycines life cycle. In addition, based on a visual assessment of the morphological changes in eggs caused by filtrates of each strain, there were differences between the hybrid strains and their respective parental strains with regard to the active substances produced by V. lecanii against the embryonated eggs

IT is a common entomopathogen fungus ( beauveria bassiana) that can be used to control a variety of insect pests like helicoverpa, spo-doptera, white fly, diamond back moth of cotton, oil seed and vegetable, mosquito bug of tea and cashew nut, berry borer of coffee, pest of Lepidoptera class, includes heliothis borer and cater-pillar root grubs of cardamom, paddy, sugarcane and other insect pests.

Mode of Action :

• It produces a number of secondary metabolites acting as mycotoxined (insecticidal toxins) , including dex-truxintE which is considered as new generation insecticide against many aphid species , moth and fly larvae. These toxins are known to insecti-cides against many and rapid develop-ment of the mycotoxins causes death. The toxins kills the host inciting pro-gressive degeneration of the host tis-sues due to the loss of the structural integrity of the membranes and then dehydration of the cells fluid loss. The filament or hyphae of it covers or penetrates directly to the hyphae of harmful pathogenic pests, causing disease in them.
• They also makes a thin layer of pro-tection all around the seed by secre-tion of various toxic substances , and hence protect them from patho-genic pests.

Direction of Uses :

• Seed palliating - 500 ml. of solution , spread over the 40 kg of seeds and dried 5 -10 minutes .
• Dry the seed on plastic pa-per and sow as usual. For horticultural crops : for a single mix 250 ml solution in required qty of water and drench the plant.
• Soil application - use 2 liter solution and mixed it with 50 kg. FYM spread this emulsion evenly in the fields.
• Transplanting -  dilute 100 ml. of solution with 1 ltr of water and dip the roots of seedlings in the mixture for 10 minutes and transplant the seedlings as usual.
• It can also be used with drip irrigation too
• Uses in crops -  it can be use in coconut, areca nut, spices, cashew nut, betel leaf, rice, ground nut tobacco, tea, sugarcane , oilseeds. Etc.

Effects of Product :

• It is effective against
• Variety of insect pests like helicoverpa.
• Spodoptera, white fly, diamond back moth of cot- ton
• Oil seed and vegetable
• Mosquito bug of tea and cashew nut, berry borer of coffee.
• Pest of Lepidoptera class, includes heliothis borer and caterpillar root grubs of cardamom, paddy, sugarcane and other insect pests.

Prahar Description

• IT is a common entomopathogen fungus that can be used to control a variety of insect pests (particularly soil dwelling and pasture pests) in s. America metarhizium anisopliae, is used against the leaf minor and leaf hoppers in sugarcane fields.
• In south east Asia the fungus has been used to control the coconut and oil palm rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros and other coconut pest brotispa longis-sima. It has also been investigated for the control of the termite. Nasutiterense exitous, the sugarcane
• Antitragus parvulus and the decan weevil curculio caryae. Aphid species, moth and fly larvae. Pest like beetle leafhopper, bug scales, white grubs, white ants.

Mode of Action :

• It produces a number of secondary me-tabolites acting as mycotoxined (insecticidal toxins) , including dextrux-intE which is considered as new genera-tion insecticide against many aphid spe-cies , moth and fly larvae.
• These toxins are known to insecticides against many and rapid development of the mycotoxins causes death.
• The toxins kills the host inciting progres-sive degeneration of the host tissues due to the loss of the structural integrity of the membranes and then dehydration of the cells fluid loss.
• The filament or hyphae of it covers or penetrates directly to the hyphae of harm-ful pathogenic pests, causing disease in them.
• They also makes a thin layer of protec-tion all around the seed by secretion of various toxic substances , and hence pro-tect them from pathogenic pests.

Direction of Uses :

• Seed palliating - 500 ml. of solution , spread over the 40 kg of seeds and dried 5-10 min-utes .
• Dry the seed on plastic paper and sow as usual.
• For horticultural crops  - for a single mix 250 ml solution in required qty of water and drench the plant.
• Soil application - use 2 liter solution and mixed it with 50 kg. FYM spread this emulsion evenly in the fields.
• Transplanting - dilute 100 ml. of solution with 1 hr of water and dip the roots of seedlings in the mixture for 10 minutes and transplant the seedlings as usual.
• It can also be used with drip irrigation too
• Uses in crops -  it can be use in coconut, areca nut, spices, cashew nut, betel leaf, rice, ground nut tobacco, tea, sugarcane , oilseeds. Etc.

Effects of Product :

• It is effective against
• the Antitragus parvulus
• the decan weevil curculio caryae.
• theAphid species, moth and fly larvae.
• Pest like beetle leafhopper, bug scales, white grubs, white ants.
• coconut and oil palm rhinoc-eros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros and other coconut pest broti-spa longisssima.

VatiyAricho Description :

• Trichoderma viride is the most widely used bio-fungicide. The use of trichoderma for controlling a vari-ety of plant disease has been com-mon for many years. The fungi are particularly effective as they do not have to be ingested by a pest but they can infest pest through physical con-tact.
• They are specially useful against root affecting fungus likefina-rium, sderotium, phytophthora infestence, ganoderma lucidona and many wilts where the conventional pesticides are not able to reach and control the root fungus. Trichoderma is also ideal for seeds treatment.

Mode of Action :

• It is known to release metabolites during growth in order to destroy or decrease competing microbes. The filament or hyphae of trichoderma covers or penetrates directly to the hy-phae of harmful pathogenic fungus, caus-ing disease in them. They also makes a thin layer of protec-tion all around the seed by secretion of various toxic substances , and hence pro-tect them from pathogenic fungus. Ger-mination is also enhanced by the treat-ment o trichoderma.
• Some of the horticultural crops in which trichoderma has shown positive effects include tomatoes, pepper, cucumber, carnation, petunia, some of the plantation crops like coffee, tea, cardamom, etc. it is also very effective in post harvest envi-ronment and suitable for green house cultivation.

Direction of Uses :

• Seed palliating - 500 ml. of solution , spread over the 40 kg of seeds and dried 5-10 min-utes .
• Dry the seed on plastic paper and sow as usual.
• For horticultural crops - for a single mix 250 ml solution in required qty of water and drench the plant.
• Soil application - use 2 liter solution and mixed it with 50 kg. FYM spread this emulsion evenly in the fields.
• Transplanting - dilute 100 ml. of solution with 1 hr of water and dip the roots of seedlings in the mixture for 10 minutes and transplant the seedlings as usual.
• It can also be used with drip irrigation too
• Uses in crops - it can be use in coconut, areca nut, spices, cashew nut, betel leaf, rice, ground nut tobacco, tea, sugarcane , oilseeds. Etc.

Effects of Product :

• It control root rot, set rot, damping off, wilts of fusarium, ganoderma etc.
• In vegetable fruit crops , gram, tea, coffee, pepper, cereals, pulses, coconut, areca nut etc.
• Increase in % of germination
• Vigorous root growth
• Early plant stand
• It increase the crop yield by 10%-30%