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Natural Gypsum is one of the primary raw material required for the manufacturing of cement. At present there is no substitute of gypsum for the manufacturing of cement. It is common mineral with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rocks. It is also used as a fertilizer.
Metakaolin is form of calcined or dehydroxilated china clay. During calcination morphological, mineralogical and chemical changes occur which result in products with excellent optical properties.
Bauxite, an aluminium ore, is the worlds main source of aluminium. It consists mostly of the minerals gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore, mixed with the two iron oxides goethite and haematite.
Calcination is a process of heating, hence calcined bauxite is obtained by heating the high grade ore of the bauxite. Heating further removes the moisture content from the ore and thus results in the increase of the alumina content.
Baryte is generally white orcolorless, and is the main source ofbarium. Barite is found in the southern parts of India. It is extracted by both surface and underground mining.
It is non-toxic and physically and chemically non-reactive. It is available in hydrous form as well as lumps.
Laterite is a polymetallic ore and it is rich in iron oxide. It is formed from a variety of rocks that undergo stray oxidizing and leaching conditions. Laterite is typical clay like material and porous. The colors of Laterite vary from red, reddish-black, brown, yellow and blackish-brown. Laterite also in short can be called as a rock product that is formed in response to a set of physiochemical conditions. It has a number of uses in industries nowadays.
Magnesium silicate has a trade name of Talc. It possesses lubricating properties, high luster and sheen. The colour of the material varies from the pure white to silvery white. It is one of the softest mineral and has a soapy feel.
Feldspar is most common rock-forming mineral. It generally white or very light in colour. The feldspar refers to the group of Aluminium silicate of potassium, sodium and calcium. Among the numerous rocks in which they are present the feldspars are particularly abundant in igneous rocks.
Calcite is carbonate and is generally white in colour. Calcite is a common constituent ofsedimentary rocks, limestonein particular. It has the same chemical formula as other calcium carbonate based minerals like Limestone and marbles. Calcite, like most carbonates, will dissolve with most forms of acid. Calcite can be eitherdissolvedby groundwater orprecipitatedby groundwater, depending on several factors including the water temperature and pH.
Manganese ore is the main source for the extraction of Manganese. Manganese has multiple uses in various industries. It is used iron and steel industry and for the manufacturing of batteries as well. Pyrolusite is the type of manganese ore most sought after as it has high content of Manganese and the extraction is economically viable.
Cenospheres are unique free flowing powders composed of hard shelled, hollow, minute spheres. A small proportion of the pulverised fuel ash (PFA) produced from the combustion of coal in power stations is formed as Cenospheres. Cenospheres are madeup of silica, iron and alumina. Cenospheres have a size range from 1 to 500 micronswith an average compressive strength of 3000+ psi. Colors range from white to darkgray. They are also referred to as microspheres, hollow spheres, hollow ceramicmicrospheres, microballoons, or glass beads.
The main characteristics are: Hollow spheres with spherical morphology Particle sizes ranging from sub-micron to millimeters in size. Ultra low density Low thermal conductivity High particle strength Resistant to acids Low water absorption Hollowspheres have been used for more than 20 years to improve the properties of avariety of finished consumer products. They were first introduced as an extender for plastic compounds, as they are compatible with plastisols, thermoplastics, latex, polyesters, epoxies, phenolic resins, and urethanes. Synthetic foams made with cenospheres have demonstrated superior mechanical properties when compared to those manufactured with fabricated microspheres.
The compatibility of cenospheres with specialty cements and other building materials such as coatings and composites was also quickly identified. Since that time cenospheres have been used in a wide variety of other products, including sports equipment, insulations, automobile bodies, marine craft bodies, paints, and fire and heat protection devices.
Bentonite is highly used plastic clay and is an absolute gem of a product to be manufactured in terms of industrial purposes. It is of great commercial importance with inherent bleaching properties. It is these bleaching properties that make it useful and different from other materials. Bentonite because of it having such unique bleaching qualities has been named as Bleaching clay.
Excellent plasticity, higher bonding strength, high shear and strength, low level of permeability and compressibility and many such qualities in short make it all the while important. It also has a varied amount of uses in well-known industries like rubber, paper and cosmetic industries.
Fly ash, also known as flue-ash is a residue which is generated during combustion and consists of fine particles. There are impurities in coal which mostly consist of clays, limestone and dolomite particles. These turn up into ash as they cannot be completely burned.
Fly ash is useful in a number of ways and is one of the most researched upon mineral source. It is mainly a pozzolanic substance which contains aluminum and silicon material which in return due to the presence of water can take form of cement.
A lot of research and development initiative have been taken place across the globe to build and develop technologies that can utilize the full potential of fly ash. Royal Mineral takes care to ensure flawless production stages.
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag or GBFS is formed when Blast Furnace Slag or BFS is successively at a fast rate quenched from the furnace rather than left for cooling. It has a density of about 60% to 70% that of natural sand. This material has a much increased resistance to sulfate attack. This eventually leads to better performance in countering acids of any type. In GBFS, no type of reaction related to alkali and silica occurs. Also the material provides a huge saving in connection to carbon dioxide emission which is an extra boon. What constitutes GBFS are its properties that consist of durability, appearance, higher ultimate strength than concrete which is made up of Portland cement and high sustainability level of the product made out of this material.
Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS or GGBS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.
The main components of blast furnace slag are CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 and MgO.
GGBFS is used to make durable concrete structures in combination with ordinary portland cement and/or other pozzolanic materials.Use of GGBFS significantly reduces the risk of damages caused by alkalisilica reaction (ASR), provides higher resistance to chloride ingress reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion and provides higher resistance to attacks by sulfate and other chemicals.