Products / Services #11890976

Networking hardware, also known asnetwork equipmentorcomputer networking devices, are electronic devices which are required for communication and interaction between devices on acomputer network. Specifically, they mediatedata transmissionin a computer network.^[1]Units which are the last receiver or generate data are calledhosts, end systemsordata terminal equipment.

Software engineeringis anengineering-based approach tosoftware development.^[1][2][3]Asoftware engineeris a person who applies theengineering design processto design, develop, maintain, test, and evaluatecomputer software. The termprogrammeris sometimes used as a synonym, but may also refer more to implementation rather than design and can also lack connotations of engineering education or skills.^[4]

Web developmentis the work involved in developing awebsitefor theInternet(World Wide Web) or anintranet(a private network).^[1]Web development can range from developing a simple singlestatic pageofplain textto complexweb applications, electronic businesses, andsocial network services. A more comprehensive list of tasks to which Web development commonly refers, may includeWeb engineering, Web design, Web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, Web serverandnetwork securityconfiguration, ande-commercedevelopment.

microsoft office, or simplyoffice, is a discontinued family ofclient software, server software, and services developed bymicrosoft. it was first announced bybill gateson august 1, 1988, atcomdexinlas vegas. initially a marketing term for anoffice suite(bundled set of productivityapplications), the first version of office containedmicrosoft word, microsoft excel, andmicrosoft powerpoint. over the years, office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, object linking and embeddingdata integration andvisual basic for applicationsscripting language. microsoft also positions office as a development platform for line-of-business software under theoffice business applicationsbrand.

Tally Solutions Pvt. Ltd.is an Indianmultinationaltechnology company, that providesenterprise resource planningsoftware. It is headquartered inBangalore, Karnataka.^[1]The company reports that its software is used by more than 7 million customers.

This wikibook discusses the information necessary to obtain theCompTIAA+ certification. The A+ certification is an internationally recognized validation of the technical knowledge required of foundation-level IT practitioners. The CompTIA Network+ and A+ exams can be applied together toward the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) program.

The A+ certification ensures that the successful candidate has the important knowledge and skills necessary to manage, maintain, troubleshoot, install, operate and configure office computing equipment, describe computing technologies, basic principles, adhere to professional standards, and use testing tools. Although not a prerequisite, it is recommended that CompTIA A+ candidates have at least twelve months of experience in PC repair or adequate academic training.

Network+is aCompTIAcomputer networking certification that includes computer network concepts, installation and configuration, media and topologies, management, and security.

This course comprises 5 sections and 44 lessons covering Network+. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course assists learners in preparing forCompTIANetwork+ Certification.

Web designencompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance ofwebsites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design;user interface design(UI design); authoring, including standardised code andproprietary software;user experience design(UX design); andsearch engine optimization. Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.^[1]The term "web design" is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writingmarkup. Web design partially overlapsweb engineeringin the broader scope ofweb development. Web designers are expected to have an awareness ofusabilityand be up to date withweb accessibilityguidelines.

Graphic designis aprofession, ^[2]academic discipline^[3][4][5]andapplied artwhose activity consists in projectingvisual communicationsintended to transmit specific messages to social groups, with specific objectives.^[6]Graphic design is an interdisciplinary branch ofdesign^[1]and of thefine arts. Its practice involvescreativity, innovationandlateral thinkingusing manual ordigital tools, where it is usual to use text and graphics to communicate visually.

The role of thegraphic designerin the communication process is that of encoder or interpreter of the message. They work on the interpretation, ordering, and presentation of visual messages. Usually, graphic design uses theaestheticsoftypographyand the compositional arrangement of the text, ornamentation, and imagery to convey ideas, feelings, and attitudes beyond what language alone expresses. The design work can be based on a customer's demand, a demand that ends up being established linguistically, either orally or in writing, that is, that graphic design transforms a linguistic message into a graphic manifestation.^[7]

Graphic design has, as a field of application, different areas of knowledge focused on any visual communication system. For example, it can be applied in advertising strategies, or it can also be applied in theaviationworld^[8]orspace exploration.^[9][10]In this sense, in some countries graphic design is related as only associated with the production of sketches and drawings, this is incorrect, since visual communication is a small part of a huge range of types and classes where it can be applied.

C(pronounced/si/ like the letterc)^[6]is ageneral-purposecomputerprogramming language. It was created in the 1970s byDennis Ritchie, and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use inoperating systems, device drivers, protocol stacks, though decreasingly^[7]forapplication software. C is commonly used on computer architectures that range from the largestsupercomputersto the smallestmicrocontrollersandembedded systems.

A successor to the programming languageB, C was originally developed atBell Labsby Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running onUnix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system.^[8]During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of themost widely used programming languages, ^[9][10]with Ccompilersavailable for practically all moderncomputer architecturesand operating systems.

C++is ahigh-level, general-purpose programming languagecreated by Danish computer scientistBjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of theC programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently hasobject-oriented, generic, andfunctionalfeatures, in addition to facilities forlow-levelmemorymanipulation. It is almost always implemented as acompiled language, and many vendors provideC++ compilers, including theFree Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, andIBM

Javais ahigh-level, class-based, object-orientedprogramming languagethat is designed to have as few implementationdependenciesas possible. It is ageneral-purposeprogramming language intended to letprogrammerswrite once, run anywhere(WORA), ^[17]meaning thatcompiledJava code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.^[18]Java applications are typically compiled tobytecodethat can run on anyJava virtual machine(JVM) regardless of the underlyingcomputer architecture. Thesyntaxof Java is similar toCandC++, but has fewerlow-levelfacilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such asreflectionand runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the mostpopular programming languages in useaccording toGitHub, ^{[citation not found][19][20]}particularly forclientserverweb applications, with a reported 9 million developers

Javais ahigh-level, class-based, object-orientedprogramming languagethat is designed to have as few implementationdependenciesas possible. It is ageneral-purposeprogramming language intended to letprogrammerswrite once, run anywhere(WORA), ^[17]meaning thatcompiledJava code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need to recompile.^[18]Java applications are typically compiled tobytecodethat can run on anyJava virtual machine(JVM) regardless of the underlyingcomputer architecture. Thesyntaxof Java is similar toCandC++, but has fewerlow-levelfacilities than either of them. The Java runtime provides dynamic capabilities (such asreflectionand runtime code modification) that are typically not available in traditional compiled languages. As of 2019, Java was one of the mostpopular programming languages in useaccording toGitHub, ^{[citation not found][19][20]}particularly forclientserverweb applications, with a reported 9 million developers.^[21]

Androidis amobile operating systembased on a modified version of theLinux kerneland otheropen-sourcesoftware, designed primarily fortouchscreenmobile devices such assmartphonesandtablets. Android is developed by a consortium of developers known as theOpen Handset Alliance, though its most widely used version is primarily developed byGoogle. It was unveiled in November 2007, with the first commercial Android device, theHTC Dream, being launched in September 2008.

TheiPhoneis a line ofsmartphonesproduced byApple Inc.that use Apple's owniOSmobile operating system. Thefirst-generation iPhonewas announced by then-Apple CEOSteve Jobson January 9, 2007. Since then, Apple has annually released newiPhone modelsand iOS updates. As of November 1, 2018, more than 2.2billion iPhones had been sold. As of 2022, the iPhone accounts for 15.6% of global smartphone market share.^[3]

TheUnixoperating system was conceived and implemented in 1969, atAT&T'sBell Labs, in the United States byKen Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, andJoe Ossanna.^[41]First released in 1971, Unix was written entirely inassembly language, as was common practice at the time. In 1973, in a key pioneering approach, it was rewritten in theCprogramming language by Dennis Ritchie (with the exception of some hardware and I/O routines). The availability of ahigh-level languageimplementation of Unix made itsportingto different computer platforms easier.^[42

Search engine optimization(SEO) is the process of improving the quality and quantity ofwebsite trafficto awebsiteor aweb pagefromsearch engines.^[1][2]SEO targets unpaid traffic (known as "natural" or "organic" results) rather than direct traffic orpaid traffic. Unpaid traffic may originate from different kinds of searches, includingimage search, video search, academic search, ^[3]news search, and industry-specificvertical searchengines.

Software testingis the act of examining the artifacts and the behavior of thesoftwareunder test by validation and verification. Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not necessarily limited to:

TheSpring Frameworkis anapplication frameworkandinversion of controlcontainerfor theJava platform. The framework's core features can be used by any Java application, but there are extensions for building web applications on top of theJava EE(Enterprise Edition) platform. Although the framework does not impose any specificprogramming model, it has become popular in the Java community as an addition to theEnterprise JavaBeans(EJB) model. The Spring Framework isopen source.

WordPress(WP orWordPress.org) is aweb content management system. It was originally created as a tool to publishblogsbut has evolved to support publishing other web content, including more traditional websites, mailing listsandInternet fora, media galleries, membership sites, learning management systemsandonline stores. Available asfree and open-sourcesoftware, WordPress is among the most popular content management systems it was used by 42.8% of the top 10 million websites as of October2021.^[4

Joomla(/dum.l/), also spelledJoomla!(with an exclamation mark) and sometimes abbreviated asJ!, is afree and open-sourcecontent management system(CMS) for publishingweb contentonwebsites. Web content applications includediscussion forums, photo galleries, e-Commerceanduser communitiesand numerous otherweb-basedapplications. Joomla is developed by a community of volunteers supported with the legal, organisational and financial resources of Open Source Matters, Inc.

Anembedded systemis acomputer systema combination of acomputer processor, computer memory, andinput/outputperipheral devicesthat has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical orelectronicsystem.^[1][2]It is embedded as part of a complete device often including electrical or electronic hardware and mechanical parts. Because an embedded system typically controls physical operations of the machine that it is embedded within, it often hasreal-time computingconstraints. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.^[3]In 2009, it was estimated that ninety-eight percent of all microprocessors manufactured were used in embedded systems.^{[4][needs update]}

Very large-scale integration(VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions orbillionsofMOS transistorsonto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s whenMOS integrated circuit(Metal Oxide Semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complexsemiconductorandtelecommunicationtechnologies. Themicroprocessorandmemory chipsare VLSI devices.

Oracle SQL Developer supportsOracle products. In the past a variety of third-party plugins was supported which users were able to deploy to connect to non-Oracle databases. Oracle SQL Developer worked withIBM Db2, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, SybaseAdaptive Server, Amazon RedshiftandTeradatadatabases.^[3]

Oracle Database(commonly referred to asOracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply asOracle) is amulti-model^[4]database management systemproduced and marketed byOracle Corporation.

It is a database commonly used for runningonline transaction processing(OLTP), data warehousing(DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providerson-prem, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadataon-prem, onOracle Cloudor at Cloud at Customer).^[5]

ASP.NETis anopen-source, ^[2]server-sideweb-application frameworkdesigned forweb developmentto producedynamic web pages. It was developed byMicrosoftto allowprogrammersto build dynamicweb sites, applicationsandservices. The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.

Microsoft Excelis aspreadsheetdeveloped byMicrosoftforWindows, macOS, Android, iOSandiPadOS. It featurescalculationorcomputationcapabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables, and amacroprogramming language calledVisual Basic for Applications(VBA). Excel forms part of theMicrosoft 365suite of software.

CorelDRAWis avector graphics editordeveloped and marketed byAlludo(formerly Corel Corporation). It is also the name of the Corel graphics suite, which includes thebitmap-image editorCorel Photo-Paintas well as other graphics-related programs (see below). It can serve as adigital paintingplatform, desktop publishingsuite, and is commonly used for production art in signmaking, vinyland lasercuttingandengraving, print-on-demandand other industry processes. Reduced-feature Standard and Essentials versions are also offered.^{[citation needed]}

Adobe Photoshopis araster graphics editordeveloped and published byAdobe Inc.forWindowsandmacOS. It was originally created in 1987 byThomasandJohn Knoll. Since then, the software has become the most used tool for professionaldigital art, especially inraster graphicsediting. The software's name is often colloquially used as a verb (e.g. "to photoshop an image", "photoshopping", and "photoshop contest")^[6]although Adobe discourages such use.^[7]

Development of Adobe Illustrator for theAppleMacintosh began in 1985^[2](shipping in January 1987) as a commercialization of Adobe's in-housefontdevelopmentsoftwareandPostScriptfile format. Adobe Illustrator is the companion product ofAdobe Photoshop. Photoshop is primarily geared towarddigital photomanipulation andphotorealisticstyles ofcomputer illustration, while Illustrator provides results in thetypesettingandlogographic areas ofdesign. Early magazine advertisements (featured in graphic design trade magazines such asCommunication Arts) referred to the product as "the Adobe Illustrator". Illustrator 88, the product name for version 1.7, ^[3]was released in 1988 and introduced many new tools and features.^[4]

A basic PCB consists of a flat sheet of insulating material and a layer ofcopperfoil, laminated to the substrate. Chemical etching divides the copper into separate conducting lines called tracks orcircuit traces, pads for connections, vias to pass connections between layers of copper, and features such as solid conductive areas forelectromagnetic shieldingor other purposes. The tracks function as wires fixed in place, and are insulated from each other by air and the board substrate material. The surface of a PCB may have a coating that protects the copper fromcorrosionand reduces the chances of soldershortsbetween traces or undesired electrical contact with stray bare wires. For its function in helping to prevent solder shorts, the coating is called solder resist or solder mask.

Dynamic HTML, orDHTML, is a term which was used by some browser vendors to describe the combination ofHTML, style sheetsandclient-side scripts(JavaScript, VBScript, or any other supported scripts) that enabled the creation of interactive and animated documents.^[1][2]The application of DHTML was introduced byMicrosoftwith the release ofInternet Explorer 4in 1997.^{[3][unreliable source?]}

Aprojectis any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is carefullyplannedto achieve a particular goal.^[1]

An alternative view sees a projectmanageriallyas a sequence of events: a "set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations".^[2]

A project may be a temporary (rather than a permanent)social system(work system), possibly staffed byteams(within or acrossorganizations) to accomplish particulartasksundertime constraints.^[3]

Salesforce, Inc.is anAmericancloud-based software company headquartered inSan Francisco, California. It providescustomer relationship management(CRM) software and applications focused onsales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, and application development.

Autocodeis the name of a family of "simplified coding systems", later calledprogramming languages, devised in the 1950s and 1960s for a series ofdigital computersat the Universities ofManchester, CambridgeandLondon. Autocode was a generic term; the autocodes for different machines were not necessarily closely related as are, for example, the different versions of the single languageFortran.

Laravelis afree and open-sourcePHPweb framework, ^[3]created by Taylor Otwell and intended for the development of web applications following themodelviewcontroller(MVC)architectural patternand based onSymfony. Some of the features of Laravel are a modularpackaging systemwith a dedicated dependency manager, different ways for accessingrelational databases, utilities that aid inapplication deploymentand maintenance, and its orientation towardsyntactic sugar.^{[4][5]:2, 59 [6][7]}

AngularJSis a discontinuedfree and open-sourceJavaScript-basedweb frameworkfor developingsingle-page applications. It was maintained mainly byGoogleand a community of individuals and corporations. It aimed to simplify both the development and thetestingof such applications by providing a framework for client-sidemodelviewcontroller(MVC) andmodelviewviewmodel(MVVM) architectures, along with components commonly used inweb applicationsandprogressive web applications.

Ahackeris a person skilled ininformation technologywho uses their technical knowledge to achieve a goal or overcome an obstacle, within a computerized system by non-standard means. Though the termhackerhas become associated inpopular culturewith asecurity hacker someone who utilizes their technical know-how ofbugsorexploitsto break into computer systems and access data which would otherwise be inaccessible to them hacking can also be utilized by legitimate figures in legal situations. For example, law enforcement agenciessometimes use hacking techniques in order to collect evidence on criminals and other malicious actors. This could include using anonymity tools (such as aVPN, or thedark web) to mask their identities online, posing as criminals themselves.^[1][2]Likewise, covert world agencies can employ hacking techniques in the legal conduct of their work. On the other hand, hacking and cyber-attacks are used extra- and illegally by law enforcement and security agencies (conducting warrantless activities), and employed bystate actorsas a weapon of both legal and illegal warfare.

Microsoft Certifications are earned by passing exams aligned to a specific certification. The process of earning certification has changed multiple times since its inception.

The current iteration was introduced in February 2020, when Microsoft announced that it was retiring all existing Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP), Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer (MCSD), Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE) and Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA) certifications, introducing new pathways, and changing the way individuals earn and maintain those Microsoft certifications.^[2]Under the new process, the number and selection of exams required to achieve a Microsoft certification varies.^{[3][unreliable source?]}

These certifications were planned to be phased out effective June 30, 2020, in favor of "role-based" certifications focused primarily onAzureandMicrosoft 365.^[4]However, on March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced that the remaining exams associated with MCSA, MCSE and MCSD will retire on January 31, 2021.^[5]

Historically, MCSE and MCSD credentials required the individual to recertify after a period of two to three years in order to keep the credential in the "Active section" of their transcript. Under the new system, the MCSE and MCSD credentials no longer have a recertification requirement, they remain on the "Active transcript" of the holder, once gained. Individuals instead can now re-earn a certification every year by passing an additional elective exam.^[6]It was done to reflect the increasing cadence of updates to Microsoft products and services, where products likeMicrosoft Azureare adding new features every 48 hours.^[ci

Insoftware testing, test automationis the use ofsoftwareseparate from the software being tested to control the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes.^[1]Test automation can automate some repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing process already in place, or perform additional testing that would be difficult to do manually. Test automation is critical forcontinuous deliveryandcontinuous testing.^[2]

There are many approaches to test automation, however below are the general approaches used widely:

• Graphical user interface testing. A testing framework that generatesuser interfaceevents such as keystrokes and mouse clicks, and observes the changes that result in the user interface, to validate that the observable behavior of the program is correct.
• API driven testing. A testing framework that uses a programming interface to the application to validate the behaviour under test. Typically API driven testing bypasses application user interface altogether. It can also be testingpublic (usually) interfacesto classes, modules or libraries are tested with a variety of input arguments to validate that the results that are returned are correct.

Accounting, also known asaccountancy, is themeasurement, processing, andcommunicationoffinancialand non-financial information abouteconomic entitiessuch asbusinessesandcorporations.^[1][2]Accounting, which has been called the "language of business", ^[3]measures the results of an organization's economic activities and conveys this information to a variety of stakeholders, includinginvestors, creditors, management, andregulators.^[4]Practitioners of accounting are known asaccountants. The terms "accounting" and "financial reporting" are often used as synonyms.^[5]

Accounting can be divided into several fields includingfinancial accounting, management accounting, tax accountingandcost accounting.^[6][7]Financial accounting focuses on the reporting of an organization's financial information, including the preparation offinancial statements, to the external users of the information, such as investors, regulators andsuppliers.^[8]Management accounting focuses on the measurement, analysis and reporting of information for internal use by management.^[1][8]The recording of financial transactions, so that summaries of the financials may be presented in financial reports, is known asbookkeeping, of whichdouble-entry bookkeepingis the most common system.^[9]Accounting information systemsare designed to support accounting functions and related activities.

SAP SE(/s.epi/;German pronunciation:[sape](listen)) is a Germanmultinationalsoftware company based inWalldorf, Baden-Wrttemberg. It developsenterprise softwareto manage business operations and customer relations.^[2][3]The company is the world's leadingenterprise resource planning(ERP) software vendor.^[4][5]SAP is the largest non-American software company by revenue, the world's third-largest publicly traded software company by revenue, and the largest German company by market capitalization.^[6]Apart from ERP software, the company also sellsdatabase software and technology(particularlyits own brands), cloud-engineered systems, and other ERP software products, such ashuman capital management(HCM) software, customer relationship management(CRM) software (also known ascustomer experience), enterprise performance management(EPM) software, product lifecycle management(PLM) software, supplier relationship management(SRM) software, supply chain management(SCM) software, business technology platform(BTP) software andprogramming environmentSAP AppGyver for business.

Historical references includeSystems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing, ^[2]SAP AGandSAP SE.

SAP Sales and Distribution (SAP SD) isa core functional module in SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) that allows organizations to store and manage customer- and product-related data. Organizations use this data to manage all of the sales ordering, shipping, billing, and invoicing of their goods and services.

ABAPis a high level programming language created by SAP that helps large corporations to customize the SAP ERP. ABAP can help customize workflows for financial accounting, materials management, asset management, and all other modules of SAP. SAPs current development platform NetWeaver also supports both ABAP and Java. The ABAP full form in SAP is Advanced Business Application.

SAP MM (Materials Management) isa module in SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) that provides companies with materials, inventory and warehouse management capabilities.

The SAP Warehouse Management system (WMS)provides flexible, automated support in processing all goods movements and in managing stocks in your warehouse complex. The system supports scheduled and efficient processing of all logistics processes within your warehouse.

What is SAP Human Resources (SAP HR)? SAP human capital management (HCM) solutions provide strategic, innovative solutions for core HR and payroll, time and attendance, talent management, employee experience management, and people analytics to address your critical workforce transformation needs.

SAP Production Planning (SAP PP) isthe component of ERP Central Component (ECC) that helps businesses plan the manufacturing, sale and distribution of goods.

React(also known asReact.jsorReactJS) is afree and open-sourcefront-endJavaScript library^[3][4]for buildinguser interfacesbased oncomponents. It is maintained byMeta(formerly Facebook) and a community of individual developers and companies.^[5][6][7