A diffuse reflection sensor is used for the direct detection of objects. As with a retro-reflective sensor transmitter and receiver are incorporated into one housing. The transmitter emits light which is reflected by the object to be detected and seen by the receiver. This system does not evaluate the interruption of the light beam but the reflected light of an object. In the use of these photo sensors, it is important to bear in mind the color and the type of surface of the object. With opaque surfaces, the sensing distance is affected by the color of the object. Light colors correspond to the maximum distances and vice-a-versa. In the case of shiny objects, the effect of the surface is more important than the color. The sensing distance in the technical data is related to matte white paper. The switching function referred to light-on (NO) dark-on (NC) mode is therefore reversed. The transmitted light of this system is also pulsed. Since transmitter and receiver are integrated into one housing only one voltage supply and thus only one cable are necessary in contrast to through beam sensors. The sensitivity of a diffuse reflection sensor is very high.

For a retro-reflective sensor the transmitter and receiver are incorporated into one housing. By means of a reflector the transmitted light is returned to the receiver. An object in the beam path interrupts the beam and triggers a switching operation.

Features
Transparent objects such as bottles or foils can be detected better than with a through beam sensor because the light beam must pass the object twice and is thus weakened twice as much as with the through beam sensor. Since the transmitter and receiver are integrated into one housing only one voltage supply and thus only one cable are necessary. Compared to a through beam sensor, a retro-reflective sensor has an average excess gain. An object must have the size of the optics directly in front of the optics and the size of the reflector directly in front of the reflector.

The system consists of two separate components, a transmitter & receiver. The transmitter emits pulsed light in the infrared wavelength range. The receiver detects the light beam and immediately converts a beam interruption caused by an object in the sensing zone into a switched signal.

Features
The light only travels one way (from the transmitter to the receiver). Adverse effects in the applications, such as dust in the air, dirt on the lenses, steam or mist do not immediately interfere with the system. A through beam sensor is distinguished by a long range. The characteristics of the sensing zone can be described easily. An object must have at least the size of the optical axis, i.e. the size of the sensing surface or the lens to enable safe detection. Since the transmitted light only travels one way it is very difficult to detect transparent objects. The light beam is not sufficiently interrupted.

Capacitive Proximity Switches are used for the non-contact detection of any objects. In contrast to inductive switches, which only detect metallic objects, capacitive sensors can also detect non-metallic materials. Typical application are in the wood, paper, glass, plastic, food and chemical industries. Capacitive Sensors for example monitor that the contents of a cardboard box are complete or check the presence of the non-metallic caps. Another application is to monitor the conveying of sheets of glass on a roller conveyor.

The capacitance between the active electrode of the sensor and the electrical earth potential is measured. An approaching object influences the electrical alternating field between these two " Capacitor Plates". This applies to metallic and non-metallic objects. In principle, capacitive sensors work with an RC oscillator. A very small change in capacitance is enough to influence the oscillation amplitude. The evaluation electronics converts this into switched signal. The user can set the sensitivity with a potentiometer.

Ultrasonic sensors operate with a piezoelectric transducer as the sound emitter and receiver. A patented de-coupling layer in special material is used to decouple the ultra-Sonics to the air - an acoustically thin medium. This ultrasonic transducer is embedded, watertight, into the sensor housing, in polyurethane foam.The transducer transmits a packet of sonic pulses and converts the echo pulse into a voltage. The integrated controller computes the distance from the echo time and the velocity of sound. The transmitted pulse duration t and the decay time of the sonic transducer result in an unusable area in which the ultrasonic sensor cannot detect an object. The ultrasonic frequency lies between 65kHz and 400kHz, depending on the sensor type; the pulse repetition frequency is between 14Hzand 140Hz.The active range of the ultrasonic sensor is referred to as the sensing range sd. This range is bounded by the lowest and highest sensing distances, whose values depend on the characteristics of the transducer. The highest sensing distance is given in the type code. The ultrasonic sensor detects objects within its sensing range, regardless of whether these objects approach the sensor axially or move through the sound cone laterally. Ultrasonic sensors are available with switching outputs and/or analog outputs, various output functions are available ac-cording to type. The ultrasonic beam has an opening angle of around 5. The sound pressure level outside of this cone is less than half (-6dB) that of the value on the sensor axis. The opening angle defines the spatially dimension of the sound cone.

It is a microprocessor based tuning (vibrating) fork for liquids. It works well for level detection of fluids in extreme plant conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. It's compact and power saving.

Slot Sensors also called as Fork Switches because of their forked shape, detect objects that pass between the two arms one is the Transmitter & the other is the Receiver. These sensors operate on a through beam design, they combine the transmitter & receiver into a fixed housing so alignment is never an issue. The transmitter emits pulsed light in the infrared wavelength range. The receiver detects the light beam and immediately converts a beam interruption caused by an object in the sensing zone into a switched signal. Fork Width is defined as the height between the transmitter & receiver. Depth is defined as the distance between the transmitter & receiver area and back of the opening.

The primary benefits of using fork sensors are easy installation, high immunity to ambient light & ability to detect different kinds of material. Sensors with different fork widths are available. They are typically used in labeling applications to detect the presence of the label compared to the carrier material. By adjusting the sensitivity with the help of a potentiometer or teach-in button, even slight differences in the light attenuation are detected. There are many applications beyond the packaging industry for fork sensors that include conveyors, small parts detection and general manufacturing.

A diffuse reflection sensor is used for the direct detection of objects. As with a retro-reflective sensor transmitter and receiver are incorporated into one housing. The transmitter emits light which is reflected by the object to be detected and seen by the receiver. This system does not evaluate the interruption of the light beam but the reflected light of an object. In the use of these photo sensors, it is important to bear in mind the color and the type of surface of the object. With opaque surfaces, the sensing distance is affected by the color of the object. Light colors correspond to the maximum distances and vice-a-versa. In the case of shiny objects, the effect of the surface is more important than the color. The sensing distance in the technical data is related to matte white paper. The switching function referred to light-on (NO) dark-on (NC) mode is therefore reversed. The transmitted light of this system is also pulsed. Since transmitter and receiver are integrated into one housing only one voltage supply and thus only one cable are necessary in contrast to through beam sensors. The sensitivity of a diffuse reflection sensor is very high.

For a retro-reflective sensor the transmitter and receiver are incorporated into one housing. By means of a reflector the transmitted light is returned to the receiver. An object in the beam path interrupts the beam and triggers a switching operation.

Features
Transparent objects such as bottles or foils can be detected better than with a through beam sensor because the light beam must pass the object twice and is thus weakened twice as much as with the through beam sensor. Since the transmitter and receiver are integrated into one housing only one voltage supply and thus only one cable are necessary. Compared to a through beam sensor, a retro-reflective sensor has an average excess gain. An object must have the size of the optics directly in front of the optics and the size of the reflector directly in front of the reflector.

The system consists of two separate components, a transmitter & receiver. The transmitter emits pulsed light in the infrared wavelength range. The receiver detects the light beam and immediately converts a beam interruption caused by an object in the sensing zone into a switched signal.

Features
The light only travels one way (from the transmitter to the receiver). Adverse effects in the applications, such as dust in the air, dirt on the lenses, steam or mist do not immediately interfere with the system. A through beam sensor is distinguished by a long range. The characteristics of the sensing zone can be described easily. An object must have at least the size of the optical axis, i.e. the size of the sensing surface or the lens to enable safe detection. Since the transmitted light only travels one way it is very difficult to detect transparent objects. The light beam is not sufficiently interrupted.

Capacitive Proximity Switches are used for the non-contact detection of any objects. In contrast to inductive switches, which only detect metallic objects, capacitive sensors can also detect non-metallic materials. Typical application are in the wood, paper, glass, plastic, food and chemical industries. Capacitive Sensors for example monitor that the contents of a cardboard box are complete or check the presence of the non-metallic caps. Another application is to monitor the conveying of sheets of glass on a roller conveyor.

The capacitance between the active electrode of the sensor and the electrical earth potential is measured. An approaching object influences the electrical alternating field between these two " Capacitor Plates". This applies to metallic and non-metallic objects. In principle, capacitive sensors work with an RC oscillator. A very small change in capacitance is enough to influence the oscillation amplitude. The evaluation electronics converts this into switched signal. The user can set the sensitivity with a potentiometer.

Ultrasonic sensors operate with a piezoelectric transducer as the sound emitter and receiver. A patented de-coupling layer in special material is used to decouple the ultra-Sonics to the air - an acoustically thin medium. This ultrasonic transducer is embedded, watertight, into the sensor housing, in polyurethane foam.The transducer transmits a packet of sonic pulses and converts the echo pulse into a voltage. The integrated controller computes the distance from the echo time and the velocity of sound. The transmitted pulse duration t and the decay time of the sonic transducer result in an unusable area in which the ultrasonic sensor cannot detect an object. The ultrasonic frequency lies between 65kHz and 400kHz, depending on the sensor type; the pulse repetition frequency is between 14Hzand 140Hz.The active range of the ultrasonic sensor is referred to as the sensing range sd. This range is bounded by the lowest and highest sensing distances, whose values depend on the characteristics of the transducer. The highest sensing distance is given in the type code. The ultrasonic sensor detects objects within its sensing range, regardless of whether these objects approach the sensor axially or move through the sound cone laterally. Ultrasonic sensors are available with switching outputs and/or analog outputs, various output functions are available ac-cording to type. The ultrasonic beam has an opening angle of around 5. The sound pressure level outside of this cone is less than half (-6dB) that of the value on the sensor axis. The opening angle defines the spatially dimension of the sound cone.

It is a microprocessor based tuning (vibrating) fork for liquids. It works well for level detection of fluids in extreme plant conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. It's compact and power saving.

Slot Sensors also called as Fork Switches because of their forked shape, detect objects that pass between the two arms one is the Transmitter & the other is the Receiver. These sensors operate on a through beam design, they combine the transmitter & receiver into a fixed housing so alignment is never an issue. The transmitter emits pulsed light in the infrared wavelength range. The receiver detects the light beam and immediately converts a beam interruption caused by an object in the sensing zone into a switched signal. Fork Width is defined as the height between the transmitter & receiver. Depth is defined as the distance between the transmitter & receiver area and back of the opening.

The primary benefits of using fork sensors are easy installation, high immunity to ambient light & ability to detect different kinds of material. Sensors with different fork widths are available. They are typically used in labeling applications to detect the presence of the label compared to the carrier material. By adjusting the sensitivity with the help of a potentiometer or teach-in button, even slight differences in the light attenuation are detected. There are many applications beyond the packaging industry for fork sensors that include conveyors, small parts detection and general manufacturing.