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Garlic is a compound bulb consists of 6 to 34 cloves surrounded by common thin peppery layer. Due to its strong flavor and taste, it becomes one of the favorite flavoring and seasoning food. Unique medical remedy has given vast application in Health care industry.
Six thousand year ago, Indians has identified the garlic and integrated its taste and medicinal properties (especially belief in its aphrodisiac powers) in their famous culture. Unique nutritional value and wide array of medical benefits made garlic as a most precious item in the world. It is a one of the oldest known food flavoring and seasoning plant that managed to infuse itself into culinary tradition of many civilizations across the world.
Garlic grows under a wide variety of soil conditions. It is a temperate cropbut can be grown under a wide range of climatic conditions such as temperate, tropical and subtropical climate. The best growth can be obtained in a mild weather without the extremes of cold and heat and excessive rainfall. However, for batter growth in initial stage, low temperature is advisable whereas, higher temperature is required for the development of bulb and maturity
In India, Garlic is grown in almost all the states. However, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh produce major amount of garlic. Its cultivation season starts in the month of October and ends in April. Garlic matures in 130 to 150 days.
The compound bulb consists of 6 to 34 cloves which are surrounded by common thin, white or purple papery sheet. In a market, garlic is available in various forms such as fresh, frozen, canned, caramelized, pickled, and chopped forms. The dehydrated product is available incloves, flakes, minced, granulated, and powder forms. Dehydrated products are used when the fresh ingredient is not available. It has a strong odor and a long shelf life.
Uses/Applications:
Fresh & Dehydrated Garlic are used in various food preparations, salads, canned soups, sauces, gravies, blends, hamburgers, pizzas, Specialty fast food preparations, Meat products, seasonings, and healthcare related industries.
USE
Gravies, Sauces, Soups, Stews, Pickles, Salads, Salad dressing and Breads, Freshly ground garlic chutneys
Medical Benefits of Garlic
Fenugreek is the fruit of an herbaceous, hardy, annual plant native to Southeastern Europe and the Indian subcontinent. The fenugreek plant produces tiny, yellow or white aromatic flowers in late summer. After the flowers have bloomed, long thin seed pods containing at least ten brownish, yellow seeds appear. The plant gives of a fragrant aroma; similar to clover, to which fenugreek is related. It is a yang tonic, nutritive, carminative, uterine stimulant, locally demulcent, alterative, anti-inflammatory, digestive tonic, promotes milk flow, lowers blood sugar levels, aphrodisiac, aerial parts are antispasmodic
Fenugreek is one of the oldest and most useful herbs known to man. Fenugreek is native all over the Mediterranean region, in southern Asia, where it may have originated, and in the Horn of Africa. Ancient Egyptians ate it as a vegetable, using the seeds to make incense and to embalm mummies.
Fenugreek cultivation needs moderately cool, frost free, and clear sky climate throughout its growth period. Though fenugreek plant can tolerate frost during its active vegetative phase, it becomes vulnerable to frost damage at the flowering and early grain formation stages. Ideal soils for fenugreek production are well-drained, loamy or sandy loam soils. However, fenugreek can be grown in all types of soils provided that they are rich in organic matter with good drainage.
Best sowing time for fenugreek crop in Northern India is last week of October to first week of November. In southern India, fenugreek is grown in both the season kharif (summer crop) as well as rabi (winter crop). Best sowing time for kharif crop is second week of June to July-end and ideal sowing time for rabi crop is first week of October. Crops mature within 90-100 days from showing. Best time for harvesting the crop is when the lower leaves start shedding and pods turn in to yellow color. Manual harvesting is done by cutting the plants with sickles. Seeds are threshed by beating with stick or by rubbing with hands. Seeds are winnowed, cleaned and dried in the sun. Delaying harvest may cause to shattering of seeds.
The young pods and leaves are utilized as a daily consumable vegetable. Dried seeds are used for various culinary and/or medical values. This plant is used as herbs as well as spices.
Uses/Application
Culinary Uses
Medicinal Uses
Health Benefits of Fenugreek
The peanut plant probably originated in Peru or Brazil in South America. The Spanish explorers and traders spread them to Asia, Africa and finally to North America. Initially, peanut is mainly used for oil, food and as a cocoa substitute. Recent technological enhancement aids, demand for peanuts grew rapidly, especially for oil, roasted and salted nuts, peanut butter and candy. Peanut is a great source of protein.
Peanut is native from the western Hemisphere and probably originated from peru or brazil in South America. Spenish have explores the versatility of peanuts and later, traders bring to Asia and Africa. Africans have introduces the peanut to North America. Currently, China, India and USA grows the major amount of peanuts
Peanut is essentially a tropical plant. It requires a long and warm growing season. The most favorable climate conditions are a well distributed rainfall at least 50 cm during growing season, abundance of sunshine and relatively warm temperatures. The temperature for the best growth of plant is from 21-26.5C. During ripening period it requires about a month of warm and dry weather. Peanut thrives best in well-drained sandy and sandy loam soils, as light soil helps in easy penetration of pegs and their development and also harvesting. Clay or heavy soils are not suitable for this crop, as they interfere in penetration of pegs and make harvesting quite difficult. Groundnut gives good yields in the soil with pH between 6.0-6.5.
Sowing of groundnut will be taken place with the advent of monsoon in the last week of June or in the first week of July. Delay in Sowing causes progressive reduction in the yield. Where irrigation facilities are available, sow groundnut around 20th June or 10-12 days before the onset of monsoon with a pre-sowing irrigation. This helps in best utilization of monsoon by the crop because all the germination will take place before rains start which ultimately result in a higher yield. It will also help in getting the field vacated in time for the sowing of Rabi crops. In southern part of the country where groundnut is sown in Rabi season also, it should be sown in the month of November and December.
It is necessary to dig the pods at the right time for obtaining higher yields of pods and oil. Harvesting should be done when good percentage of nuts is fully developed and fairly intact. The crop takes approximate 90- 110 days to attain full development. Leave the harvested crop in small heaps for two three days for curing. After curing, collect the crop at one place and detach the pods either by hand or using groundnut plucker for separating the pods from the plants.
Major producing states in India are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Maharashtra
Currently, peanut is commercially available in various forms such as roasted and salted nuts, peanut butter and candy. Peanut is also utilized as edible oil.
Mainly, two variant of groundnuts are cultivated in India namely, Virginia (Bold) and Spanish (Java). Mostly, winter crop of peanuts is rain-fed crop and more than 70% crop is of bold variety. Whereas, the summer crop is irrigated and 85% crop is of Java variety. The Bold peanut are typically red skinned with elongated shape whereas, the Java variety peanuts are pink skinned with round spheroid shape. Bold variety of peanut contains a large percentage of oil content approximately 25%. Java peanuts contains high amount of protein and high concentrations of antioxidants polyphenol.
Bold Peanut:
Bold peanut is generally cultivated as a winter crop due to huge irrigation requirement. Seeds are typically red skinned with elongated shape. Bold contain the great amount of oil content (more than 25%). Approximately 70% winter crop of peanut are of bold variety. This variety is also famous as Virginia peanut
Java Peanut:
Java Peanut is also known as Spanish peanut, which is generally harvested as an irrigated crop. More than 85% crops harvested in summer are of Java variety. Java peanut are pink skinned with round spheroid shape and contains high amount of protein and high concentrations of antioxidants polyphenol.
Uses/Application
Health Benefits Peanut
