Ambala, Haryana, India
Our Products
This experimental unit can be used to investigate and compare different heat exchanger designs. The complete experimental setup consists of two main elements service and control unit and choice of heat exchanger: Tubular heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, shell and tube heat exchanger and jacketed vessel with stirrer and coil. Water is used as the medium.
The heat exchanger to be investigated is connected to the service unit. The hot water flows through the heat exchanger. Reversing the water connections changes the direction of flow and thus allows parallel flow or counter flow operation.
The main function of the service unit is to provide the required cold and hot water circuits. The service unit is equipped with a heated tank and pump for the hot water circuit, connections for the cold water circuit and a switch cabinet with displays and controls. A temperature controller controls the hot water temperature. The flow in the hot water and cold water circuit is adjusted using valves. The cold water circuit can be fed from the laboratory mains. The measured values can be read on digital displays. At the same time, the measured values can also be transmitted directly to a PC. The data acquisition software is included.
The present set-up is designed to accommodate different types of small-scale accessories, one at a time (detailed further), most commonly used in industries. These Heat Transfer accessories demonstrate the three basic modes of heat transfer i.e. conduction, convection and radiation. These different types of heat transfer accessories can alternatively be installed on the same set-up. This & common bench provides necessary electrical supply and measurement facility for determining and comparison of the different heat transfer characteristics.
The set-up is designed to determine thermal conductivities of insulating materials in the form of slabs. The apparatus consists of main central heater and ring guard heater, sandwiched between the specimens. Cooling plates are provided on the either side of the specimen. Two identical specimens are clamped between heater ensures unidirectional heat flow through specimen. The whole assembly is kept in chamber and insulated by ceramic wool insulation around the set-up.
Insulating Powder Apparatus is designed to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating powder. The Apparatus consists of two thin-walled concentric copper spheres. Inner sphere houses Nichrome Wire heating coil. Insulating powder is filled between the spheres. Heat flows radially outwards. Temperature sensors at proper positions are fitted to measure surface temperatures of spheres. Heat input to the heater is given through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. By varying the heat input rates, wide range of experiments can be performed.
The experimental set up consists of metal bar, one end of which is heated by an electric heater while the other end of the bar projects inside the cooling water jacket. A cylindrical shell filled with the asbestos insulating powder surrounds the middle portion of the bar. The temperature of the bar is measured at different sections. Heat Input to the heater is given through variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. By varying the heat input rates, wide range of experiments can be performed. Water under constant head condition is circulated through the jacket and its flow rate and temperature rise is noted.
The setup is designed to study the heat transfer in a pin fin. It consists of pin type fin fitted in duct. A fan is provided on one side of duct to conduct experiments under forced draft conditions. Airflow rates can be varied with the help of damper provided in the duct. A heater heats one end of fin and heat flows to another end. Heat input to the heater is given through Variac. Digital Temperature Indicator measures temperature distribution along the fin.
In most industrial processes including reactors, heat is to be added or extracted to control the process. The addition and removal of heat is done by passing steam in jacket fitted to the outside of the vessel or passing cold Water in helical coil inside the vessel. For effective heat transfer and even distribution of heat, the liquid inside is continuously agitated. The present set-up offers us. A comparative study of Jacket & Helical coil, which can be operated simultaneously. It is a stainless steel jacketed vessel inside which, a helical coil of copper is fitted. A variable speed stirrer is fitted in vessel. The system is such designed that either steam or water is allowed to enter inside anyone of the jacket and helical coil by an arrangement of control valves. Variation in temperature of inside water is measured and is noted. Set-up is fitted with steam traps for condensate collection. Flow rate of water can be controlled and measured using valve and Rotameter. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors.
The set up consists of a separating and throttling calorimeter. A steam generator is provided at the base of the apparatus. A digital temperature controller is provided to control the temperature inside the steam generator. Steam from steam generator is passed from separating calorimeter where most of the water particles get separated from steam and then passed to throttling calorimeter where steam get superheated. After that, superheated steam is passed through heat exchanger to condense the steam. A manometer and a thermometer are connected with throttling calorimeter to measure the pressure and temperature after throttling process.
Separating CalorimeterIt consists of two concentric chambers, the inner chamber, and the outer chamber, which communicates with each other through an opening at the top.As the steam discharges through the metal basket, which has a large number of holes, the water particles due to their heavier momentum get separated from the steam and collect in the chamber. The comparatively dry steam in the inner chamber moves up and then down aging through the annular space between the two chambers and enters the Throttling Calorimeter.
Throttling CalorimeterIt consists a narrow throat (Orifice). Pressure and temperature are measured by manometer and thermometer.The steam after throttling process passes through the condenser and condensate is collected.
The channel consists of a clear acrylic working section of large depth to width ratio incorporating undershot and overshot weirs at the inlet and discharge ends respectively. Water is fed to the streamlined channel entry via a stilling tank to reduce turbulence. Water discharging from the channel is collected in the volumetric tank of the Hydraulics Bench and returned to the sump for recirculation. A dye injection system incorporated at the inlet to the channel permits flow visualization in conjunction with a graticule on the rear face of the channel. Models supplied with the channel include broad and sharp crested weirs, large and small diameter cylinders and symmetrical and asymmetrical aerofoils which, in conjunction with the inlet and discharge weirs, permit a varied range of open channel and flow visualization demonstrations.
| Product Code | FM-HBA-15 |
| Dye injection needles | 5 |
| Dye reservoir capacity | 0.45 litres |
| Width of channel | 15mm |
| Length of channel | 600mm |
| Depth of channel | 150mm |
| Models: | broad crested weir narrow crested weir symmetrical aerofoil asymmetrical aerofoil small cylinder large cylinder |
The laminar, two-dimensional flow is a good approximation of the flow of ideal fluids: the potential flow. All physical systems described with the Laplace equation can be demonstrated with potential flow. This includes heat flow and potential theory, for example. The core element of the trainer is a classical Hele-Shaw cell with additional water connections for sources and sinks. The laminar, two-dimensional flow is achieved by water flowing at low speed in a narrow gap between two parallel glass plates. The flow generated in this way is non-vertical and can be regarded as potential flow. The streamlines are displayed in colour by introducing a contrast medium (ink). In experiments an interchangeable model is inserted into the flow, such as a cylinder, guide vane profile or nozzle contour. Sources and sinks are generated via eight water connections in the bottom glass plate. The streamlines can be clearly observed on the screened glass during flow around and through. A flow straightener ensures consistent and low turbulence flow. The water flow and the amount of contrast medium added can be adjusted by using valves. The water connections are also activated by valves and can be combined as required. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.
This dead weight pressure gauge calibrator consists of a precision machined piston and cylinder assembly mounted on levelling screws. A Bourdon gauge is supplied for calibration. The weights supplied are added to the upper end of the piston rod which is rotated to minimise friction effects. The gauge is thus subject to known pressures which may be compared with the gauge readings and an error curve drawn.
| Product | Dead weight pressure gauge tester (hba) |
|---|---|
| Product Code | FM-HBA-27 |
| Pressure gauge | Bourdon tube |
| Area of Piston | m2 |
| Mass of piston | KG |
| Ancillary masses | 2x 0.5kg, 1.0kg and 2.5kg |
It consists of a tank provided with inlet supply diffuser, overflow outlet. Provision for fitting Orifice or Mouthpiece at the same position is provided. An arrangement is done to vary head and keep it constant at desired level. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench by flexible pipe line.
Pipe surge & water hammer are two related but independent phenomena which arise when fluid flowing in a pipe is accelerated or decelerated. The associated pressure transients can be damaging to pipe work or components and systems must be designed to avoid or withstand them. The equipment designed clearly demonstrates the different effects resulting from gradual or instantaneous changes in fluid velocity (created by slow and fast valve closure). Effect of initial fluid velocity can also be investigated. Pipe surge resulting from a gradual change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as fluctuating changes in head in a surge shaft. Water hammer resulting from a rapid change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as large changes in pressure monitored using a pair of transducers and indicated using an oscilloscope. The equipment comprises two SS pipes connected to a constant head tank. A service module provides the water supply to the head tank and also incorporates a volumetric tank for flow rate measurement, sump tank, circulating pump and flow control valve. Water enters the two test pipes via the constant head tank and discharges into the volumetric tank. A dump valve in the volumetric tank returns the water to the sump tank. The pipe surge test section incorporates a clear acrylic surge shaft to enable visualisation of its oscillatory characteristics to be demonstrated. A metric scale on the shaft permits the height of the oscillations to be measured. The test pipe terminates with a lever operated gate valve and separate flow control valve. The water hammer test section uses a unique fast acting valve specifically designed. Pressure transducers mounted at the fast acting valve itself and at a point along the test pipe provide analogue outputs which are fed into a signal conditioning module. The corresponding output voltage from the signal conditioning module can then be fed into a dual trace oscilloscope. Output is available from the oscilloscope. This allows the stored display to be transferred onto a suitable printer to provide a hard copy of the transient.
The setup is designed to study the Hydraulic Ram. Hydraulic Ram is used for pump little quantity of water to high head from a large quantity of water available at low head. It works on a principle of water hammer stating that when flowing water is suddenly stopped in a long pipe a pressure wave travels along the pipe creating an effect of water hammer. Set up consists of a pipe section fitted with a pulse valve and non-return valve, a supply reservoir on a stand which is connected to an overhead tank, an air vessel above the valve chamber smoothes cyclic fluctuations from the Ram delivery. Different pressure may be applied to the pulse valve to change the closing pressure and hence the operating characteristic. The flow rate of useful and waste water is measured using measuring tank and stop watch provided. Pressure gauge is connected for the purpose of measurement.
The equipment is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the Bernoullis theorem. It consists of a test section made of acrylic. It has convergent and divergent sections. Pressure tapings arc provided at different locations in convergent and divergent section. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench with flexible pipeline.
It is a super-conducting device and involves the transfer of heat by boiling and condensation of a fluid and hence transfer of heat takes place under nearly isothermal condition. In this apparatus the comparison of heat pipe with the copper pipe as good conductor of heat and with the stainless steel pipe as same material of construction is made. It consists of three identical cylindrical conductors In respect of geometry. One end of these is heated electrically while there are small capacity tanks acting as heat sinks at the other end. The unit consists of a heat pipe a copper pipe and a stainless steel pipe. Temperature sensors are embedded along the length to measure the temperature distribution and the heat transfer rate is noted in terms of the temperature rise in the heat sink tanks.
The performance of the heat pipe as a super-conducting device can be studied well in terms of the temperature distribution along the length at a given instant and can be compared with other two members. Nearly isothermal temperature distribution and fast rise of temperature in heat sink tank reveals the heat pipe superiority over the conventional conductors
Experiments
Utilities Required
The setup is designed and fabricated to study lagging phenomenon in case of pipes. It consists of three concentric pipes of small thickness as compared to diameter and are arranged concentrically, and closed with the help of two discs. Two different insulating materials fill the annuli between the cylinders compactly. Temperature Sensors are fitted to measure the temperature of pipe walls for radial outward heat flow measurement. Inside the inner pipe, a Nichrome wire heater is placed axially. Heat input to the heater is given through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter. By varying the heat-input rates, wide range of experiments can be performed
Experiments
Utilities Required
Apparatus is a motorized unit consisting of a camshaft driven by a variable speed motor. The shaft runs in a double bearing. The free end of the camshaft has a facility to mount the cam easily.
The follower is properly guided in gunmetal bushes and the type of follower can be changed according to the cam under test. Graduated circular protractor is fitted co-axial with the shaft. And a Dial Gauge fitted on the follower shaft is used to note the follower displacement for the angle of cam rotation. A spring is used to provide controlling force to the follower system. Weights on the follower shaft can be adjusted as per the requirement. An arrangement is provided to regulate the speed. The apparatus is very useful- for testing the cam performance for jump phenomenon during operation. On this apparatus the effect of change of inertia forces on jump action of earn-follower during operation can be observed. It is useful for testing various cam & follower pairs. Three cams and three followers will be supplied with the apparatus. Theses are already hardened to reduce the wear.
Experiments
With the help of combination of provided cams and followers following experiments can be conducted:
Utilities Required
The set-up is designed to demonstrate and study of heat & mass transfer during the process in a forced draft counter flow type water cooling tower.The set up consists of specially designed; SS vertical tower packed with aluminium mesh packing, fitted with front side acrylic window to provide actual visualization of cooling tower operation.The air from a blower enters at lower end of tower and after passing through the mesh packing leave the column from top outlet to atmosphere. Counter currently hot water from water bath is evenly distributed over the packing by nozzles at top of the tower using circulation pump.
An arrangement is made to vary and measure the airflow rate & temperatures at different locations in the tower. The hot water bath is provided with level gauge enables to show the exact evaporation loss. The temperature of water in bath can be independently varied to simulate different conditions using digital temp
Experiments
Features
Utilities Required
The setup is designed to demonstrate principles of spray extraction and mass transfer operation in a column.
The set up consists of a glass column, feed tanks, air regulator with pressure gauge, receiving trays and piping. Rotameter are provided for flow measurement
Experiments
Features
Utilities Required
In an ideal CSTR (i.e. an ideal steady state flow reactor) the contents in reactor. This set-up is used to study a non-catalytic homogeneous second order liquid phase reaction under ambient condition.
The setup consists of three CSTR arranged in series and two feed tanks through which two reactants are fed to the reactor. Rotameters are provided to measure the individual flow of Chemicals. The flow rate can be adjusted by operating the needle valves provided on respective Rotameter. The magnetic drive pump is used for circulation of feed. Reactants from feed tanks enter in the first CSTR and are passed to second CSTR and so on. For analysis samples are collected from different ports provided.
Experiments
Utilities Required
Condensation Polymerization kettle is used to carry out a condensation polymerization reaction under batch condition. Polymerization reaction can be acid catalyzed or self-catalyzed. The set-up can be used to measure the extent of reaction &.also the reaction rate constant. The set-up consists of jacketed type SS reactor fitted with variable speed agitator & baffles. Reactor is fitted with Nichrome wire heaters and digital temperature controller controls temperature. Metered quantity of nitrogen gas from a cylinder, allowed entering, in the reactor. Set-up is complete &. self-contained with sampling ports. The top cover can be removed for cleaning purpose. Feed is fed from top through a funnel provided with S.S. Ball Valve. An outlet is given to Condenser fitted with a Perken's triangle for collecting the condensate. Vapors are allowed to enter in the shell of condenser and cooling water is allowed to pass through the tube and condensate is collected.
Experiments
Utilities Required
The set-up consists of jacketed type SS reactor fitted with a variable speed agitator & baffles. Hot water from a digitally controlled water bath is circulated in the jacket using a pump. Metered quantity of nitrogen gas from a cylinder passes through a de-oxygenation column & allowed to enter in the reactor. Air has to be evacuated using a vacuum pump to create vacuum up to 30mm of Hg before passing the nitrogen supply. Initiator from reservoir is supplied to the reactor under pressure. Set-up is complete& self-contained with sampling ports.
Experiments
Utilities Required
A batch reactor is a closed system with no input and output streams. A batch reactor can operate under conditions like Isothermal (Temperature of Reaction Mass remains constant), perfectly mixed (composition of reaction mixture is uniform throughout), and constant volume (volume of the reaction mixture within the reactor remains constant, there is no appreciable change in the density of reaction mass). This set-up is used to study a non-catalytic homogeneous reaction under isothermal condition.
The set up consists of a Reactor fitted in a constant temperature water bath. One stirrer is fitted for mixing the reactants in reactor and other is fitted in water bath to keep the uniform temperature throughout in the bath. The temperature of bath can be maintained from ambient to 90 C with the help of Digital Temperature indicator Cum Controller. Samples can be taken out with the help of a sampling pipette
Experiments
Utilities Required
In an ideal CSTR (Le. an ideal steady state flow reactor) the contents in reactor are well mixed and have uniform composition throughout. Thus the exit stream has the same composition as the fluid within the reactor. This type of reactor is known as mixed flow reactor. This set-up is used to study a non-catalytic homogeneous second order liquid phase reaction under isothermal condition.
The set up consists of two feed tanks through which two reactants are fed to the reactor. Rotameters are provided to measure the individual flow of Chemicals. The flow rate can be adjusted by operating the needle valves provided on respective Rotameter. The magnetic drive pump is used for circulation of feed. The CSTR is fitted with stirrer for proper mixing. From top outlet of it samples are collected for analysis. Constant temperature water bath arrangement is provided to conduct the experiment at various temperatures.
Experiments
Utilities Required
The setup consists of a glass column packed with Rasching Rings and two feed tanks. Reactants are fed to the reactor through liquid distributor, fitted at the bottom of the column. Rotameters are provided to measure the individual flow of Chemicals. The flow rate can be adjusted by operating the needle valves provided on respective Rotameter. The magnetic drive pump is used for circulation of feed. Samples can be taken periodically from the top outlet of reactor. Pressure Regulator & Pressure Gauge are fitted in the compressed air line
Experiments
Utilities Required
This equipment allows a thorough investigation of the factors affecting the stability of a floating body. The position of the metacentre can be varied to produce stable and unstable equilibrium. The equipment consists of a rectangular floating pontoon, the centre of gravity of which can be varied by an adjustable weight which slides and can be clamped in any position on a vertical mast. A single plumb-bob is suspended from the mast which indicates the angle of heel on a calibrated scale. A weight with lateral adjustment allows the degree of heel to be varied and hence the stability of the pontoon determined.
The set-up consists of different pressure measurement devices fitted in a pipe line, in which an Orifice is fitted to create the pressure difference. The student scan has good insight-of the devices. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench with flexible pipeline.
The Demonstration Pelton Turbine provides a simple low cost introduction to turbine performance.This accessory comprises a miniature Pelton wheel with spear valve arrangement mounted on a support frame which locates on the Hydraulics Bench top channel. Mechanical output from the turbine is absorbed using a simple friction dynamometer. Pressure at the spear valve is indicated on a remote gauge. A non-contacting tachometer (not supplied) may be used to determine the speed of the Pelton wheel.Basic principles of the Pelton turbine may be demonstrated and, with appropriate measurements, power produced and efficiency may be determined.
| Product Code | FM-HBA-17 |
| Speed range | 0 to 2000 r.p.m |
| Brake power | 10 Watts |
| Pressure gauge range | 0 to 25m H2O |
| Force balance range | 0 to 20N + 0.2N |
| Number of Pelton buckets | 16 |
| Diameter of Pelton wheel | 123mm |
This demonstration turbine provides a simple low cost introduction to the Francis inward flow reaction turbine showing its construction, operation and performance. A tapering, spiral shaped volute conveys water to the runner via a ring of guide vanes that are adjustable in angle to vary the flow through the turbine. Water enters the runner tangentially at the periphery, flows radially inwards through the blades towards the hub then exits axially via a draft tube. Power generated by the turbine is absorbed by a Prony friction brake consisting of a pair of spring balances attached to a brake belt that is wrapped around a pulley wheel driven by the runner. The load on the turbine is varied by tensioning both spring balances which increases the friction on the pulley wheel. Brake force is determined from the difference in the readings on the two spring balances and the torque calculated from the product of this force and the pulley radius. The head of water entering the turbine is indicated on a Bourdon gauge and the speed of rotation is measured using a non-contacting tachometer (not supplied). The volute of the Francis turbine incorporates a transparent front cover for clear visualisation of the runner and guide vanes.
| Product Code | FM-HBA-18 |
| Speed range | 0 to 1000 r.p.m |
| Diameter of Francis runner | 60 mm |
| Number of blades on runner | 12 |
| Number of guide vanes | 6, adjustable from fully open to fully closed |
| Range of spring balances | 0 to 10 N x 0.1 N |
| Range of Bourdon gauge | 0 to 2 bar |
