Mass International - Laboratory Apparatus

The unit consists of a tubular steel framework which supports the network of pipes and fittings for test. Pipe friction experiments are carried out using four smooth pipes of different diameters, plus one roughened pipe. Short samples of each size test pipe are provided loose so that the students can measure the exact diameter and determine the nature of the internal finish. A system of isolating valves is provided whereby the pipe to be tested can be selected without disconnecting or draining the system. A selection of pipe fittings and valves are fitted around the network and are fitted with pressure tapings. A clear acrylic pipe section incorporates a Venturi, orifice plate and Pitot tube. Pressure tappings are fitted with quick action self-sealing connections. Probe attachments are provided with tubing so that any pair of pressure tapings can be rapidly connected to appropriate instrumentation, eg. a manometer

The apparatus consists housing the test heater and heater coil for initial heating of water. This heating coil is directly connected to mains (Heater) and the Test Heater (Nichrome Wire) is connected also to mains via a dimmer stat and a voltmeter, to read the voltage. A micro controller based peak detector has been provided to measure the maximum current during the process. The heater wire can be viewed through a transparent window.

The present Set-up is designed to measure the emissivity of test plate. The test plate comprises of a mica heater sandwiched between two circular plates. Black plate is identical with test plate, but its surface is blackened. As all the physical properties, dimension and temperature are equal; heat losses from both plates will be same except radiation loss. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissivity. Both plates are supported on individual brackets in a wooden enclosure with one side glass to ensure steady atmospheric conditions. Temperature Sensors are provided to measure the temperature of each plate and surrounding. Supply is given to heaters through separate variacs so that temperatures of both can be kept equal and is measured with Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter.

The apparatus consists of Venturi-shaped test section manufactured from clear acrylic to allow full visualization of flow conditions inside the section.The test section incorporates tappings that allow the static pressure upstream of the contraction, inside the throat and downstream of the expansion to be measured. Each tapping is connected to a Bourdon gauge of appropriate range.A flow control valve upstream of the test section allows the flow through the test section to be regulated without raising the static pressure in the test section, allowing Cavitation to be clearly demonstrated. Conversely a flow control valve downstream of the test section allows the static pressure in the test section to be elevated a technique used to prevent cavitation from occurring.The closure of the downstream valve is restricted to prevent damage to the instrumentation. The test section and Bourdon gauges are mounted on a plate with feet.

Condensation is a phase change heat transfer process occurring in many industrial applications, such asin steam power plants, refrigeration plants etc. Thus this is one of the important heat transfer process present in mechanical and chemical engineering application. The condensation of Vapour on a surface is of two types: 1. Drop wise Condensation. 2. Film wise Condensation. This set up is designed for finding heat transfer co-efficient of two types of condensation and for visualization of these processes. It consists of a vertical frame. Condensation tubes are fitted inside compact glass cylinder. Steam generator is fitted at the backside of the cylinder. Steam comes directly from generator to cylinder. Two valves are fitted to control flow rate of water in individual tubes. Digital Temperature Indicator monitors temperatures. Pressure gauge and Rotameter can observe steam pressure and cold, water flow rates respectively. A Digital temperature Controller is provided for controlling the temperature of Steam. Water level indicator is provided to safeguard the heater. Condensate is measured by measuring cylinder.

The present set-up is a self-contained, water re-circulating unit provided with a top tray and a sump tank. Various hydraulics experiments can be conducted on this set-up. A Centrifugal Pump is fitted for water circulation. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stop watch. Water collected on the top tray from experimental set-up, drains and return to sump tank.

FEATURES

• Closed loop water circulation
• Compact & stand alone set up
• Stainless Steel tanks and wetted parts
• Superb Painted structure
• Simple to operate & maintain

The setup consists of a clear fabrication section. Water is fed through a nozzle and discharged vertically to strike a target carried on a stem, which extends through the cover. A weight carrier is mounted on the upper end of the stem. The dead weight of the moving parts is counter balanced by a compression spring. The vertical force exerted on the target plate is measured by adding the weights supplied to the weight pan until the mark on the weight pan corresponds with the level gauge. A total of two targets are provided, a flat plate and a hemispherical cup.

• Clear Acrylic test section
• Superb Painted structure
• Simple to operate & maintain

The apparatus consists of a glass tube with one end having bell mouth entrance; connected to a constant headwater tank, at the other end a valve is provided to vary the flow rate. The tank is of sufficient capacity to store water; a capillary tube is introduced centrally in the bell mouth for feeding dye from a small container placed at the top of tank, through PVC tubing. By varying the rate of flow, the Reynolds number is changed. This also changes the type of flow. Visual observation of dye (Thread) will indicate the type of flow, which can be confirmed from the Reynolds number computed. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench with flexible pipeline.

• Clear Acrylic test section
• Superb Painted structure
• Simple to operate & maintain

Condensation is a phase change heat transfer process occurring in many industrial applications, such as in steam power plants, refrigeration plants etc. Thus this is one of the important heat transfer process present in mechanical and chemical engineering application. The condensation of Vapour on a surface is of two types: 1. Drop wise Condensation. 2. Film wise Condensation. This set up is designed for finding heat transfer co-efficient of two types of condensation and for visualization of these processes. It consists of a vertical frame. Condensation tubes are fitted inside compact glass cylinder. Steam generator is fitted at the backside of the cylinder. Steam comes directly from generator to cylinder. Two valves are fitted to control flow rate of water in individual tubes. Digital Temperature Indicator monitors temperatures. Pressure gauge and Rotameter can observe steam pressure and cold, water flow rates respectively. A Digital temperature Controller is provided for controlling the temperature of Steam. Water level indicator is provided to safeguard the heater. Condensate is measured by measuring cylinder.

Experiments

• To study the Film wise & Drop wise condensation of steam on a vertical surface
• Visualization of condensation process in drop wise as well as film wise

Utilities Required

• Water supply 5 lit/min (approx.)
• Electricity Supply: 1Phase. 220 V AC. 1.5 kW
• Table for set-up support

The present Set-up is designed to measure the emissivity of test plate. The test plate comprises of a mica heater sandwiched between two circular plates. Black plate is identical with test plate, but its surface is blackened. As all the physical properties, dimension and temperature are equal; heat losses from both plates will be same except radiation loss. Hence the input difference will be due to difference in emissivity. Both plates are supported on individual brackets in a wooden enclosure with one side glass to ensure steady atmospheric conditions. Temperature Sensors are provided to measure the temperature of each plate and surrounding. Supply is given to heaters through separate variacs so that temperatures of both can be kept equal and is measured with Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter.

Experiments

• Determining the Emissivity of a test plate.
• Study the variation of emissivity of test plate with respect to absolute temperature.

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 VAC, 4 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

The apparatus is designed to determine, the Stefan Boltzmann constant. The apparatus consists of a hemisphere fixed to a Bakelite plate, the outer surface of which forms the jacket to heat it. Hot water to heat the hemisphere is obtained form a hot water tank, which is fixed above the hemisphere. The copper test disc is introduced at the center of hemisphere. The temperatures of hemisphere and test disc are measured with the help of temperature sensors.

Experiments

• Determination of Stefan Boltzmann constant and study the effect of hemisphere temperature on it

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1Phase, 220 VAC, 4 Amp.
• Table for set-up support

The setup is designed to verify Bernoulli's Theorem experimentally Set up consists of a one piece clear acrylic test section with convergent and divergent part sections, supply thank, measuring tank, inlet water tank and pump for closed loop water circulation. The test section is connected to Piezometer Tubes through pressure tapping at different locations on the section to demonstrate the Bernoullis Theorem. The flow rate of water is measured using measuring tank and stop watch provided.

Experiments

• To verify Bernoulli's Theorem experimentally

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The setup is designed to study the discharge through different notches. Set up consists of a flow channel section, supply tank, measuring tank and pump for closed loop water circulation. The flow channel is fitted with arrangement for creating jet using different interchangeable notches. It also consists a hook gauge for measuring x-y coordinates of jet and a vernier pointer to measure the height of water in channel.

The flow rate of water is measured using measuring tank and stop watch provided. A Trapezoidal Notch can be tested by adjoining 2 different notches

Experiments

• To determine co-efficient of discharge using different notches

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

Helical coils are used for heating or cooling in process tanks. When a fluid flow through a curved tube, centrifugal force acting upon the various elements of fluid moving with different velocities causes secondary circulation. Secondary flow results in higher heat transfer characteristics. Further secondary flow stabilizes the laminar flow leading of a higher critical Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent flow.

Experiments

• To determine the critical Reynolds number of a fluid flowing through the coil.
• To determine the friction factor for flow of water through helical coil

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

A pontoon is allowed to float in a small tank having a transparent side. Removable steel strips placed in the model for the purpose of changing the weight of the model. Displacement of weight is measured with the help of a scale. By means of a pendulum (consisting of a weight suspended to a long pointer) the angle of tilt can be measured on a graduated arc.

For tilting the ship model, a cross bar with two movable hangers is fixed on the model. Pendulum and graduated arc are suitably fixed at the center of the cross bar. A set of weights is supplied with the apparatus

Experiments

• Determination of the metacentric height and position of the metacentric height with angle of heel of ship model

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The apparatus consists of a pipeline containing a Orificemeter. The pressure tapings from the Orificemeter to differential manometer to measure pressure difference. By operating the valves provided at the downstream the flow can be regulated.

Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch

Experiments

• To determine the co-efficient of discharged through Orificemeter.
• To measure discharge through Orificemeter as flow meters

Utilities Required

A Pitot Tube is used to measure the local velocity at a given point in the flow stress. A pitot tube of standard design made of copper/SS is supplied and is fixed below Vernier scale. The Vernier scale is capable to measure the position of Pitot Tube in transparent pipe section. The pipe has a flow control valve to regulate the flow. A U-tube manometer is provided to determine the velocity head. Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump etc. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch.

Experiments

• To find the point velocity at the center of a tube for different flow rates of water and calibrate the Pitot Tube.
• To plot velocity profile across the cross section of pipe

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The apparatus consists of a glass tube with one end having bell mouth entrance; connected to a constant headwater tank, at the other end a valve is provided to vary the flow rate. The tank is of sufficient capacity to store water; A capillary tube is introduced centrally in the bell mouth for feeding dye from a small container placed at the top of tank, through polythene tubing. By varying the rate of flow, the Reynold's number is changed; this also changes the type of flow. Visual observation of dye (Thread) will indicate the type of flow, which can be confirmed from the Reynold's number computed. Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump etc. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line.

Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring cylinder and stop watch.

Experiments

• To determine the Reynold's number and hence the type of flow either laminar or turbulent
• To study transition zone

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The apparatus consists of a pipeline containing a rotameter. By operating the valves the flow can be regulated to get different flow rates. Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch.

Experiments

• To determine the co-efficient of discharged through rotameter.
• To measure discharge through rotameter as flow meters

Utilities Required

The apparatus consists of two pipelines emerging out from a common manifold. One pipeline contain a Venturimeter and other contain an Orifice. The pressure tapings from the Venturimeter and Orificemeter are taken to differential manometer to measure pressure difference. The Venturimeter & Orificemeter are connected in parallel and anyone of them can be put in operation by operating valves provided at the downstream. These valves can also regulate the flow.

Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch

Experiments

• To determine the co-efficient of discharged through Venturimeter and orifice meter.
• To measure discharge through Venturimeter and Orificemeter as flow meters.

Utilities Required>

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The apparatus consists of a pipeline containing a Venturimeter. The pressure tapings from the Venturimeter to differential manometer to measure pressure difference. By operating the valves provided at the downstream the flow can be regulated. Present set-up is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch

Experiments

• To determine the co-efficient of discharged through Venturimeter.
• To measure discharge through Venturimeter as flow meters.

Utilities Required

• Electric supply 0.5 kW, 220V AC, Single Phase
• Water supply Tap water connection BSP Distilled water @ 60 liters (optional)
• Floor Area with Drain facility

The rainfall simulator consists of a metal frame that supports the spray head assembly. The unit may be placed directly on the ground for field studies or used with its accessory tray for laboratory experiments. In use, water is pumped from the holding tank via a control valve to the spray nozzle. Water from the spray nozzle is interrupted by a horizontal rotating disc driven by a variable speed motor. Adjustable width apertures in the disc allow some water to pass and the remainder is recalculated via the tank. For use in field/ laboratory. To investigate the effect of precipitation on run-off on different soils and to record hydrograph.

EXPERIMENT

Rainfall simulator aids in the study of the following

• Investigate the relationship between rainfall intensity and soil erosion

• Investigate the nature of soil erosion potential on different soil types

• Investigate the methods by which soil erosion may be prevented

UTILITIES REQUIRED

• Cold water supply

• Electrical supply: 220-240V/1Ph/50Hz, with earth

The apparatus consists of a plain steel shaft excavated in a bearing and directly driven by a FHP Motor. The bearing is freely supported on the shaft and sealed at the motor end. The speed of the motor is controlled accurately by the speed control unit and it can be made run in both directions. Twelve equal-spaced pressure taping around the circumference and four along the axis are provided and are connected to manometer by PU Tubing so that the pressure head of oil in all tubes can be observed at a time. The bearing can be loaded by attaching weights to the arm supported beneath it.

Experiments

• To study the pressure profile of lubricating oil at various conditions of load and speed
• Plotting the Cartesian polar pressure curves
• To measure the frictional torque and power transmit

Utilities Required

• Electric supply : 230 V AC, Single Phase.
• Bench area : 1.5 x 1.5 x 4 m
• Tachometer to find out RPM of journal
• Oil SAE 40 about 5 Ltrs.

The apparatus provided comprehensive unit to perform the vibration experiments. A universal frame is provided upon which quick and easy assembly of various experiments can be done. The unit is self-contained to safely store spares. The students can easily assemble the experiments and study the theory of vibrations practically.

Experiments

Following experiments can be performed with this unit:

• To verify the relation simple pendulum
• To verify the relation of compound pendulum & to determine the radius of gyration
• To study radius of gyration of bi-filar suspension
• To study the undamped free vibration of spring mass system
• To study the longitudinal vibration of helical coiled spring
• To study the forced vibration of simply supported beam for different damping.
• Undamped torsional vibrations of single rotor system
• Undamped torsional vibrations of double rotor system
• To study the damped torsional vibration of single rotor system and to determine the damping co-efficient
• Verification of Dunker ley's Rule
• To study the forced damped vibration of spring mass system

Utilities Required

• Floor Space: 2.5 m x 2.5 m approx.
• Power Supply: 230V AC. 5 Amp with earth.

This setup is designed to study the performance characteristics of solvent extraction of a particular component from a packed bed of solid material. The apparatus allows study of such systems as water / inorganic salts, water/sugar bed, methylene chloride / vegetable oil etc.

The set up consists of a glass column, feed tank, receiving tanks and piping. Rotameter are provided for flow measurement. The glass column is fitted with SS mesh to support the solid material.

The solvent is introduced near the bottom of the column and it flow upward counter currently to the solids. A pump supplies the solvent and flow rate is monitored by means of a Rotameter. Solvent feed tank is kept in a bath fitted with heater. A digital temperature controller is used to control and measure the temperature of feed

Experiments

• To study the effect of various system parameters like, solvent temperature, solvent rate and particle on the % recovery of oil from solid

Features

• Stainless Steel tanks and wetted parts
• Superb Painted structure
• Simple to operate & maintain
• Compact & stand alone set up

Utilities Required

• Electricity Supply: 1 Phase, 220 V AC, 1.5kW.
• Solvent: 30ltrs
• Solid: 10kg.
• Table for setup support

This apparatus provides an introduction to the fundamental properties of liquids that affect their behavior in practical applications.A clear understanding about the physical properties of fluids is essential before studying the behavior of fluids in static or dynamic applications.This apparatus introduces students to the following properties of fluids: Density and relative density (specific gravity) Viscosity Capillarity capillary elevation between flat plates and in circular tubes Buoyancy (Archimedes principle) Atmospheric pressure The apparatus consists of a collection of components that demonstrate individual fluid properties. The components are stored on a common support frame with circular spirit level and adjustable feet for leveling. The apparatus is designed to stand on a suitable bench top where some of the components can be operated independent from the support frame. A freestanding dual scale lever balance is also supplied to support several of the demonstrations.

The apparatus is used to demonstrate that the pressure at the bottom of a liquid column in a vessel depends only on the height of the column but not on the shape of the vessels. The equipment consists of a tapered glass socket fitted into a base block held to a stand by a rod. The other side of the base block also has a rod holding a pivot supporting a lever. One end of the lever is a pressure disc against the bottom of the base block while the other end of the lever has a sliding weight hanger with weights. Glass vessels of different shapes can alternatively fit on the tapered glass socket. Height of water column is measured by a scale.

The experimental set up consist of a circular transparent cylindrical tank in which four circumferential jets have been placed along the circumference of the cylinder near its bottom which helps in the formation of free vortex. (It is assumed that the torque exerted by these jets is negligible). The Orifice is provided with a reducing bush so that a reduced diameter can be investigated. The plate can also be rotated with the help of a variable speed motor so that the cylinder rotates about its vertical axis with the help of a V belt and forced vortex is formed. Conditions were allowed to steady state and the depth of flow at any particular point was observed not to change over a period of time. The experimental procedure involves measurement of the resulting free surface that represents the variation of the sum of the pressure head and datum head.

It demonstrates that the buoyancy acting on a body submerged in a liquid corresponds to the weight of the displaced liquid. The equipment consists of a solid stainless steel cylinder fits exactly into a hollow acrylic cylinder. Both cylinders have hooks for attachment to a spring balance hung on a stand. A beaker holding a liquid provides the buoyancy.

Cylinder dimension: 40mm Diameter x 80 mm Long Spring balance: 1 kg Beaker: 1000 m Dimensions / Weight: 200 x 300 x 770 mm / ca. 3 kg