Ambala, Haryana, India
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The setup is designed to study the performance of gear pump. Set up consists of a gear pump having a pair of meshed gears coupled with electrical motor, supply tank, measuring tank & pipe fittings for closed loop oil circulation. Pressure and Vacuum gauges are connected on delivery and suction side of pump for the purpose of measurement. The flow rate of water is measured using measuring tank and stop watch provided.
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FEATURES
UTILITIES REQUIRED
A Pitot tube is used to measure the local velocity at a given point in the flow stress. A Pitot tube of standard design made of copper/Stainless Steel is supplied and is fixed below a vernier scale. The vernier scale is capable to measure the position of Pitot tube in transparent pipe section. The pipe has a flow control valve to regulate the flow. A manometer is provided to determine the velocity head.
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The laminar, two-dimensional flow is a good approximation of the flow of ideal fluids: the potential flow. All physical systems described with the Laplace equation can be demonstrated with potential flow. This includes heat flow and potential theory, for example. The core element of the trainer is a classical Hele-Shaw cell with additional water connections for sources and sinks. The laminar, two-dimensional flow is achieved by water flowing at low speed in a narrow gap between two parallel glass plates. The flow generated in this way is non-vertical and can be regarded as potential flow. The streamlines are displayed in colour by introducing a contrast medium (ink). In experiments an interchangeable model is inserted into the flow, such as a cylinder, guide vane profile or nozzle contour. Sources and sinks are generated via eight water connections in the bottom glass plate. The streamlines can be clearly observed on the screened glass during flow around and through. A flow straightener ensures consistent and low turbulence flow. The water flow and the amount of contrast medium added can be adjusted by using valves. The water connections are also activated by valves and can be combined as required. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
This dead weight pressure gauge calibrator consists of a precision machined piston and cylinder assembly mounted on levelling screws. A Bourdon gauge is supplied for calibration. The weights supplied are added to the upper end of the piston rod which is rotated to minimise friction effects. The gauge is thus subject to known pressures which may be compared with the gauge readings and an error curve drawn.
EXPERIMENTS
It consists of a tank provided with inlet supply diffuser, overflow outlet. Provision for fitting Orifice or Mouthpiece at the same position is provided. An arrangement is done to vary head and keep it constant at desired level. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench by flexible pipe line.
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Pipe surge & water hammer are two related but independent phenomena which arise when fluid flowing in a pipe is accelerated or decelerated. The associated pressure transients can be damaging to pipe work or components and systems must be designed to avoid or withstand them. The equipment designed clearly demonstrates the different effects resulting from gradual or instantaneous changes in fluid velocity (created by slow and fast valve closure). Effect of initial fluid velocity can also be investigated. Pipe surge resulting from a gradual change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as fluctuating changes in head in a surge shaft. Water hammer resulting from a rapid change in fluid velocity is clearly seen as large changes in pressure monitored using a pair of transducers and indicated using an oscilloscope. The equipment comprises two SS pipes connected to a constant head tank. A service module provides the water supply to the head tank and also incorporates a volumetric tank for flow rate measurement, sump tank, circulating pump and flow control valve. Water enters the two test pipes via the constant head tank and discharges into the volumetric tank. A dump valve in the volumetric tank returns the water to the sump tank. The pipe surge test section incorporates a clear acrylic surge shaft to enable visualisation of its oscillatory characteristics to be demonstrated. A metric scale on the shaft permits the height of the oscillations to be measured. The test pipe terminates with a lever operated gate valve and separate flow control valve. The water hammer test section uses a unique fast acting valve specifically designed. Pressure transducers mounted at the fast acting valve itself and at a point along the test pipe provide analogue outputs which are fed into a signal conditioning module. The corresponding output voltage from the signal conditioning module can then be fed into a dual trace oscilloscope. Output is available from the oscilloscope. This allows the stored display to be transferred onto a suitable printer to provide a hard copy of the transient.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
The setup is designed to study the Hydraulic Ram. Hydraulic Ram is used for pump little quantity of water to high head from a large quantity of water available at low head. It works on a principle of water hammer stating that when flowing water is suddenly stopped in a long pipe a pressure wave travels along the pipe creating an effect of water hammer. Set up consists of a pipe section fitted with a pulse valve and non-return valve, a supply reservoir on a stand which is connected to an overhead tank, an air vessel above the valve chamber smoothes cyclic fluctuations from the Ram delivery. Different pressure may be applied to the pulse valve to change the closing pressure and hence the operating characteristic. The flow rate of useful and waste water is measured using measuring tank and stop watch provided. Pressure gauge is connected for the purpose of measurement.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
FEATURES
UTILITIES REQUIRED
The equipment is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the Bernoullis theorem. It consists of a test section made of acrylic. It has convergent and divergent sections. Pressure tapings arc provided at different locations in convergent and divergent section. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench with flexible pipeline.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
Following experiments can be carried out with common basic table, with separate experimental set-ups (supplied at extra cost), which can be connected to hydraulic bench with flexible pipe:
The set-up consists of different pressure measurement devices fitted in a pipe line, in which an Orifice is fitted to create the pressure difference. The student scan has good insight-of the devices. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench with flexible pipeline.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
The Demonstration Pelton Turbine provides a simple low cost introduction to turbine performance.This accessory comprises a miniature Pelton wheel with spear valve arrangement mounted on a support frame which locates on the Hydraulics Bench top channel. Mechanical output from the turbine is absorbed using a simple friction dynamometer. Pressure at the spear valve is indicated on a remote gauge. A non-contacting tachometer (not supplied) may be used to determine the speed of the Pelton wheel.Basic principles of the Pelton turbine may be demonstrated and, with appropriate measurements, power produced and efficiency may be determined.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
UTILITIES REQUIRED
This demonstration turbine provides a simple low cost introduction to the Francis inward flow reaction turbine showing its construction, operation and performance. A tapering, spiral shaped volute conveys water to the runner via a ring of guide vanes that are adjustable in angle to vary the flow through the turbine. Water enters the runner tangentially at the periphery, flows radially inwards through the blades towards the hub then exits axially via a draft tube. Power generated by the turbine is absorbed by a Prony friction brake consisting of a pair of spring balances attached to a brake belt that is wrapped around a pulley wheel driven by the runner. The load on the turbine is varied by tensioning both spring balances which increases the friction on the pulley wheel. Brake force is determined from the difference in the readings on the two spring balances and the torque calculated from the product of this force and the pulley radius. The head of water entering the turbine is indicated on a Bourdon gauge and the speed of rotation is measured using a non-contacting tachometer (not supplied). The volute of the Francis turbine incorporates a transparent front cover for clear visualisation of the runner and guide vanes.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
UTILITIES REQUIRED
This accessory comprises a fixed speed pump assembly and independent discharge manifold interconnected by flexible tubing with quick release connectors. This auxiliary pump is intended to be used in conjunction with the basic Hydraulics Bench. The auxiliary pump is mounted on a support plinth which stands adjacent to the Hydraulics Bench primary pump.
RANGE OF EXPERIMENTS
UTILITIES REQUIRED
