Carbon steels are classified based on the amount of carbon content in the steel. The four main classes are mild and low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel, and ultra-high carbon steel. Mild and low carbon steels contain 0.160.29% carbon. They are the most common form of steel as they come at a relatively low cost and provide material properties that are acceptable for many applications. They are neither brittle nor ductile, but are malleable. The surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. Medium carbon steels contain approximately 0.300.59% carbon. They balance ductility and strength and have good wear resistance. They are used in forging and for large industrial and automotive components.High carbon steels contain approximately 0.60.99% carbon. They are very strong and are used for springs and high-strength wires. Ultra-high carbon steels contain approximately 12% carbon. These steels can be tempered to great hardness and are used for specialized products such as knives, axles, or punches. Steels above a carbon content of 1.2% are generally formed through powder metallurgy. Steels with carbon content above 2% are considered to be cast iron.
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Chandresh Sanghvi (METAL UDYOG (INDIA))
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