Solubility resistance to hot metalPenetration prevention of molten substances such as hot metal, etc.Superior thermal stress resistanceHigh thermal conductivity Good spalling resistance. Keeping the above in view, new carbon blocks have been developed for improved characteristics such as: Prevention of matrix solution by adding alumina and by adding siliconImprovement of pore size distribution by improved forming methodImprovement of deformability and thermal conductivity by using a lot of natural graphite.