Diethylene glycol(DEG) is anorganic compoundwith the formula (HOCH₂CH₂)₂O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, andhygroscopicliquid with a sweetish taste. It ismiscibleinwater, alcohol, ether, acetone, andethylene glycol.^[1]DEG is a widely used solvent.^[2]It can be a contaminant in consumer products;

Diethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturatedpolyester resins, polyurethanes, andplasticizers.^[5]DEG is used as abuilding blockinorganic synthesis, e.g. ofmorpholineand1, 4-dioxane. It is asolventfornitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and otherorganic compounds. It is ahumectantfortobacco, cork, printingink, andglue.^[6]It is also a component inbrake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fogand haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel.^[1]In personal care products (e.g. skin cream and lotions, deodorants), DEG is often replaced by selecteddiethylene glycol ethers. A dilute solution of diethylene glycol can also be used as acryoprotectant; however, ethylene glycolis much more commonly used. Most ethylene glycolantifreezecontains a few percent diethylene glycol, present as an byproduct of ethylene glycol production.

Polyethylene glycol(PEG) is apolyethercompound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing tomedicine. PEG is also known aspolyethylene oxide(PEO) orpolyoxyethylene(POE), depending on itsmolecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H(OCH₂CH₂)_nOH

PEG is also used as anexcipientin many pharmaceutical products

The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studyingspinal cord injury.

• Because PEG ishydrophilicmolecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.^[13]
• Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.^[14]The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments

riethylene glycol, TEG, ortriglycolis acolorlessodorlessviscousliquid with molecular formula HOCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH. It is used as aplasticizerforvinyl polymers. It is also used in air sanitizer products, such as "Oust"^[1]or "Clean and Pure". When aerosolized it acts as adisinfectant.Glycolsare also used as liquiddesiccantsfor natural gas and inair conditioningsystems. It is an additive forhydraulic fluidsandbrake fluidsand is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.

Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols. It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with highviscosityand a high boiling point. Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products,

2-Butoxyethanolis anorganic compoundwith thechemical formulaBuOC₂H₄OH (Bu = CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂). This colorless liquid has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family ofglycol ethers, and is a butyl ether ofethylene glycol. As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent of low toxicity, it is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as asurfactant.

2-Butoxyethanol is a glycol ether with modestsurfactantproperties (and it can be used as a mutual solvent). In use since the 1930s, glycol ethersare solvents that dissolve both water-soluble andhydrophobicsubstances. Glycol ethers consist of two components, analcoholandether. According to the nature of alcohol, molecules of this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series which correspond to ethylene and propylene respectively. Glycol ethers are selected for specific purposes, such assolubility, inflammability, andvolatility

Diacetone alcoholis achemical compoundwith the formula CH₃C(O)CH₂C(OH)(CH₃)₂, sometimes called DAA. This liquid is a commonsyntheticintermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.

It is used incelluloseesterlacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable. It is used inlacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions forpaperand textiles; permanent markers;^[6]in making artificialsilkandleather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloidcements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulicbrake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume ofcastor oil.

o-Xylene(ortho-xylene) is anaromatichydrocarbonwith the formula C₆H₄(CH₃)₂. with twomethylsubstituentsbonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (theorthoconfiguration). It is aconstitutional isomerofm-xyleneandp-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes.o-Xylene is a colorless slightly oily flammable liquid.

o-Xylene is largely used in the production ofphthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals

Xylene(from Greek, xylo, "wood"), xylolordimethylbenzeneis any one of threeisomersof dimethylbenzene, or a combination thereof. With the formula (CH₃)₂C₆H₄, each of the three compounds has a centralbenzenering with twomethyl groupsattached atsubstituents. They are all colorless, flammable liquids, some of which are of great industrial value. The mixture is referred to as both xylene and, more precisely, xylenes.

Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, ^[15]and as asolventto remove syntheticimmersion oilfrom the microscopeobjectiveinlight microscopy.^[16]Inhistology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent.^[17]Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. After staining, microscope slides are put in xylene prior to mounting with a coverslip.

Methanol is a traditional denaturant for ethanol, the product being known as "denatured alcohol" or "methylated spirit". This was commonly used during theProhibitionto discourage consumption ofbootleggedliquor, and ended up causing several deaths.^[41]

Methanol is used as asolventand as anantifreezeinpipelinesandwindshield washer fluid. Methanol was used as an automobile coolant antifreeze in the early 1900s.^[42]

In somewastewater treatment plants, a small amount of methanol is added towastewaterto provide a carbon food source for thedenitrifying bacteria, which convertnitratestonitrogengas and reduce the nitrification of sensitiveaquifers.

Methanol is used as a destaining agent inpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Direct-methanol fuel cellsare unique in their low temperature, atmospheric pressure operation, allowing them to be miniaturized to an unprecedented degree.^[43][44]This, combined with the relatively easy and safe storage and handling of methanol, may open the possibility of fuel cell-poweredconsumer electronics, such as laptop computers and mobile phones.^[45]

Methanol is also a widely used fuel in camping and boating stoves. Methanol burns well in an unpressurized burner, so alcohol stoves are often very simple, sometimes little more than a cup to hold fuel. This lack of complexity makes them a favorite of hikers who spend extended time in the wilderness. Similarly, the alcohol can be gelled to reduce risk of leaking or spilling, as with the brand "Sterno".

Methanol is mixed with water and injected into high performance diesel and gasoline engines for an increase of power and a decrease in intake air temperature in a process known aswater methanol injection.

n-butanol is an intermediate in the production ofbutyl acrylate, butyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, and other butyl esters, ^[12][13]butyl ethers such asethylene glycol monobutyl ether, di-andtriethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and the corresponding butyl ether acetates. Other industrial uses include the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, polymers, pyroxylinplastics, herbicide esters, printing (e.g., 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T)^[14]andbutyl xanthate. It is also used as a diluent/reactant in the manufacture ofureaformaldehydeandmelamineformaldehyde resins.^[9]

Butanol is used as asolventfor a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis, and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as apaint thinnerand a solvent in other coating applications where a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent is preferable, as with lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It is also used as a component ofhydraulicandbrake fluids.^[15]

Butanol is used in the synthesis of2-butoxyethanol. A major application for butanol is as a reactant withacrylic acidto produce butyl acrylate, a primary ingredient of water based acrylic paint.^[16]

It is also used as a base forperfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.

Saltsof butanol are chemical intermediates; for example, alkali metalsalts oftert-butanol aretert-butoxides.

Diethylene glycol(DEG) is anorganic compoundwith the formula (HOCH₂CH₂)₂O. It is a colorless, practically odorless, poisonous, andhygroscopicliquid with a sweetish taste. It ismiscibleinwater, alcohol, ether, acetone, andethylene glycol.^[1]DEG is a widely used solvent.^[2]It can be a contaminant in consumer products;

Diethylene glycol is used in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturatedpolyester resins, polyurethanes, andplasticizers.^[5]DEG is used as abuilding blockinorganic synthesis, e.g. ofmorpholineand1, 4-dioxane. It is asolventfornitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and otherorganic compounds. It is ahumectantfortobacco, cork, printingink, andglue.^[6]It is also a component inbrake fluid, lubricants, wallpaper strippers, artificial fogand haze solutions, and heating/cooking fuel.^[1]In personal care products (e.g. skin cream and lotions, deodorants), DEG is often replaced by selecteddiethylene glycol ethers. A dilute solution of diethylene glycol can also be used as acryoprotectant; however, ethylene glycolis much more commonly used. Most ethylene glycolantifreezecontains a few percent diethylene glycol, present as an byproduct of ethylene glycol production.

Polyethylene glycol(PEG) is apolyethercompound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing tomedicine. PEG is also known aspolyethylene oxide(PEO) orpolyoxyethylene(POE), depending on itsmolecular weight. The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H(OCH₂CH₂)_nOH

PEG is also used as anexcipientin many pharmaceutical products

The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse nerve cells is being explored by researchers studyingspinal cord injury.

• Because PEG ishydrophilicmolecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.^[13]
• Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.^[14]The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments

riethylene glycol, TEG, ortriglycolis acolorlessodorlessviscousliquid with molecular formula HOCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OCH₂CH₂OH. It is used as aplasticizerforvinyl polymers. It is also used in air sanitizer products, such as "Oust"^[1]or "Clean and Pure". When aerosolized it acts as adisinfectant.Glycolsare also used as liquiddesiccantsfor natural gas and inair conditioningsystems. It is an additive forhydraulic fluidsandbrake fluidsand is used as a base for "smoke machine" fluid in the entertainment industry.

Triethylene glycol is a member of a homologous series of dihydroxyalcohols. It is a colorless, odorless and stable liquid with highviscosityand a high boiling point. Apart from its use as a raw material in the manufacture and synthesis of other products,

2-Butoxyethanolis anorganic compoundwith thechemical formulaBuOC₂H₄OH (Bu = CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂). This colorless liquid has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family ofglycol ethers, and is a butyl ether ofethylene glycol. As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent of low toxicity, it is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as asurfactant.

2-Butoxyethanol is a glycol ether with modestsurfactantproperties (and it can be used as a mutual solvent). In use since the 1930s, glycol ethersare solvents that dissolve both water-soluble andhydrophobicsubstances. Glycol ethers consist of two components, analcoholandether. According to the nature of alcohol, molecules of this class can be divided into two groups: E series and P series which correspond to ethylene and propylene respectively. Glycol ethers are selected for specific purposes, such assolubility, inflammability, andvolatility

Diacetone alcoholis achemical compoundwith the formula CH₃C(O)CH₂C(OH)(CH₃)₂, sometimes called DAA. This liquid is a commonsyntheticintermediate used for the preparation of other compounds, and is also used as a solvent.

It is used incelluloseesterlacquers, particularly of the brushing type, where it produces brilliant gloss and hard film and where its lack of odor is desirable. It is used inlacquer thinners, dopes, wood stains, wood preservatives and printing pastes; in coating compositions forpaperand textiles; permanent markers;^[6]in making artificialsilkandleather; in imitation gold leaf; in celluloidcements; as a preservative for animal tissue; in metal cleaning compounds; in the manufacture of photographic film; and in hydraulicbrake fluids, where it is usually mixed with an equal volume ofcastor oil.

o-Xylene(ortho-xylene) is anaromatichydrocarbonwith the formula C₆H₄(CH₃)₂. with twomethylsubstituentsbonded to adjacent carbon atoms of a benzene ring (theorthoconfiguration). It is aconstitutional isomerofm-xyleneandp-xylene, the mixture being called xylene or xylenes.o-Xylene is a colorless slightly oily flammable liquid.

o-Xylene is largely used in the production ofphthalic anhydride, which is a precursor to many materials, drugs, and other chemicals

Xylene(from Greek, xylo, "wood"), xylolordimethylbenzeneis any one of threeisomersof dimethylbenzene, or a combination thereof. With the formula (CH₃)₂C₆H₄, each of the three compounds has a centralbenzenering with twomethyl groupsattached atsubstituents. They are all colorless, flammable liquids, some of which are of great industrial value. The mixture is referred to as both xylene and, more precisely, xylenes.

Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, ^[15]and as asolventto remove syntheticimmersion oilfrom the microscopeobjectiveinlight microscopy.^[16]Inhistology, xylene is the most widely used clearing agent.^[17]Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. After staining, microscope slides are put in xylene prior to mounting with a coverslip.

Methanol is a traditional denaturant for ethanol, the product being known as "denatured alcohol" or "methylated spirit". This was commonly used during theProhibitionto discourage consumption ofbootleggedliquor, and ended up causing several deaths.^[41]

Methanol is used as asolventand as anantifreezeinpipelinesandwindshield washer fluid. Methanol was used as an automobile coolant antifreeze in the early 1900s.^[42]

In somewastewater treatment plants, a small amount of methanol is added towastewaterto provide a carbon food source for thedenitrifying bacteria, which convertnitratestonitrogengas and reduce the nitrification of sensitiveaquifers.

Methanol is used as a destaining agent inpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Direct-methanol fuel cellsare unique in their low temperature, atmospheric pressure operation, allowing them to be miniaturized to an unprecedented degree.^[43][44]This, combined with the relatively easy and safe storage and handling of methanol, may open the possibility of fuel cell-poweredconsumer electronics, such as laptop computers and mobile phones.^[45]

Methanol is also a widely used fuel in camping and boating stoves. Methanol burns well in an unpressurized burner, so alcohol stoves are often very simple, sometimes little more than a cup to hold fuel. This lack of complexity makes them a favorite of hikers who spend extended time in the wilderness. Similarly, the alcohol can be gelled to reduce risk of leaking or spilling, as with the brand "Sterno".

Methanol is mixed with water and injected into high performance diesel and gasoline engines for an increase of power and a decrease in intake air temperature in a process known aswater methanol injection.

n-butanol is an intermediate in the production ofbutyl acrylate, butyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, and other butyl esters, ^[12][13]butyl ethers such asethylene glycol monobutyl ether, di-andtriethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and the corresponding butyl ether acetates. Other industrial uses include the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, polymers, pyroxylinplastics, herbicide esters, printing (e.g., 2, 4-D, 2, 4, 5-T)^[14]andbutyl xanthate. It is also used as a diluent/reactant in the manufacture ofureaformaldehydeandmelamineformaldehyde resins.^[9]

Butanol is used as asolventfor a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis, and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as apaint thinnerand a solvent in other coating applications where a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent is preferable, as with lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It is also used as a component ofhydraulicandbrake fluids.^[15]

Butanol is used in the synthesis of2-butoxyethanol. A major application for butanol is as a reactant withacrylic acidto produce butyl acrylate, a primary ingredient of water based acrylic paint.^[16]

It is also used as a base forperfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.

Saltsof butanol are chemical intermediates; for example, alkali metalsalts oftert-butanol aretert-butoxides.