Cooling tower

Overview
This engineering note has been prepared to educating the Cooling Tower user, this deals with a very specific subjects, which Aerotech Energy Pvt Ltd appeal our capabilities to do the CT Up-Gradation Projects.
Aerotech prepared the documents so that the user engineers can easily understand the cooling tower theory and possibilities to upgrade on existing Cooling Towers
What is a cooling tower?
Cooled water is needed for, for example, air conditioners, manufacturing processes or power generation. A cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, the remainder of the water is cooled down significantly. Cooling towers are able to lower the water temperatures more than devices that use only air to reject heat, like the radiator in a car, and are therefore more cost-effective and energy efficient.
Components of a cooling tower
The basic components of a cooling tower include the frame and casing, fill, cold-water basin, drift eliminators, air inlet, louvers, nozzles and fans. These are described below.
Frame and casing. Most towers have structural frames that support the exterior enclosures (casings), motors, fans, and other components. With some smaller designs, such as some glass fiber units, the casing may essentially be the frame.

TYPES OF COOLING TOWERS
This section describes the two main types of cooling towers: the natural draft and mechanical draft cooling towers.
Mechanical draft towers are available in a large range of capacities. Towers can be either factory built or field erected – for example concrete towers are only field erected.
Many towers are constructed so that they can be grouped together to achieve the desired capacity. Thus, many cooling towers are assemblies of two or more individual cooling towers or “cells.” The number of cells they have, e.g., a eight-cell tower, often refers to such towers. Multiple-cell towers can be lineal, square, or round depending upon the shape of the individual cells and whether the air inlets are located on the sides or bottoms of the cells.
The three types of mechanical draft towers

• Type of cooling tower
• Forced draft cooling tower: air is blown through the tower by a fan located in the air inlet
• Induced draft cross flow cooling tower water enters at top and passes over fill, air enters on one side (single-flow tower) or opposite sides (double-flow tower) , an induced draft fan draws air across fill towards exit at top of tower
• Induced draft counter flow cooling tower, hot water enters at the top, air enters bottom and exits at the top, uses forced and induced draft fans.