Dancing LED Using Transistors DIY Kits

When the circuit is switched on one transistor will driven to saturation (ON) and other will driven to cutoff (OFF). When a transistor is ON, its collector and emitter act as a short circuit. But when it is OFF they acts as open circuit. So in the above circuit when a transistor is in OFF state its collector will have the voltage Vcc and when it is ON its collector will be grounded.Consider Q1 is ON and Q2 is OFF. During this time Capacitor C2 is charging to Vcc through resistor R2. Transistor Q2 is OFF due to the negative voltage from the discharging capacitor C1 which is charged during the previous cycle. After a time period the capacitor C1 discharges completely and starts charging in reverse direction through R1.When the Capacitor C1 charges to a voltage sufficient provide base emitter voltage of 0.7V to the transistor Q2, it turns ON and capacitor C2 starts discharging. The negative voltage from the capacitor C2 turns off the transistor Q1 and the capacitor C1 starts charging from Vcc through resistor R and base emitter of transistor Q2. Thus the transistor Q2 remains in ON state. As in the previous state, when the capacitor C2 discharges completely it starts charging towards opposite direction through R2. When the voltage across the capacitor C2 is sufficient to turn ON transistor Q1, Q1 will turn ON and capacitor C1 starts discharging.This process continuous and produces rectangular waves at the collector of each transistors.

As a result Output LEDs flashing with charging & discharging time period.

            T1=0.693R1C1

            T2=0.693R2C2