Grape Seed Extract

We are offering grape seed extract
specification: proanthocyanidins 95%, polyphenols 80%.
vitis vinifera (common grape vine) is a species of vitis, native to the mediterranean region, central europe,and southwestern asia, from morocco and spain north to southern germany and east to northern iran. It is a liana growing to 35 m tall, with flaky bark. The leaves are alternate, palmately lobed, 5–20 cm long and broad. The fruit is a berry,known as a grape; in the wild species it is 6 mm diameter and ripens dark purple to blackish with a pale wax bloom; in cultivated plants it is usually muchlarger, up to 3 cm long, and can be green, red, or purple. The species typically occurs in humid forests and streamsides.oligomeric proanthocyanidins (opcs) are some of the most abundant polyphenolic substances in the plant kingdom. Proanthocyanidins are an integral part of the human diet, found in highconcentrations in fruits such as apple, pear, and grapes, and in chocolate, and tea. Opcs in nutritional supplements are generally extracted from grape seeds or pine bark. Due to potent antioxidant activity, opcs have been the subject of recent research, demonstrating anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial, and vasodilatory properties, making them a potentially valuable therapeutic tool for the treatment of a variety of conditions.the grape seed extract used in dietary supplements is derived from the seeds of the plantgrape(vitis vinifera l.).
benefits
anti-oxidant activity
anticarcinogenic activity(anti-cancer)
anti-imflamatory and antimicrobial
vasodilatory
mechanism
opcs possess antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, andantiviral properties.
antioxidant
the potent antioxidative properties of opcs account for their therapeutic benefit in disease statescharacterized by oxidative stress. Opcs also demonstrate potent,concentration-dependent, free radical scavenging ability. (9) studies in mice show opcs inhibit chemically-induced lipid peroxidation, dna fragmentation, and subsequent apoptosis (indicators of oxidative tissue damage) in a dose-dependentmanner in hepatic and brain tissue. (10) human studies also demonstrate an antioxidative mechanism as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation of ldl cholesterol (11,12) and increased free-radical trapping capacity after consumption of red containing opcs. (7)
opcs appear to have an affinity for vascular tissue and strongly inhibit several enzymes involved indegradation of collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, the main structuralcomponents of the extravascular matrix. (13) these effects are perhapsattributable to trapping reactive oxygen species and preventing oxidative injuryto vascular endothelium. In vitro studies have also found opcs increaseresistance of cell membranes to injury and degradation.(14,15)
proanthocyanidins possess endothelium-dependent relaxing (edr)activity in blood vessels by increasing nitric oxide production, (16) andstimulate vascular endothelial growth factor, a signaling factor involved ininitiation of wound healing. Opcs may also protect the microvasculature of theretina and increase visual acuity, possibly by increasing the rate of rhodopsinregeneration. (17-19) in a rabbit model of ischemia/ reperfusion, opcs'beneficial effects were attributed to binding of copper and iron liberated frommyocardial tissue, thereby reducing their oxidative effects. (20) the positiveeffects of opcs on microcirculation are also attributed to their inhibition ofldl oxidation. (11,12,21) and decreased incidence of foam cells, markers ofearly stage atherosclerosis. (22) grape seed proanthocyanidins may have avitamin e-sparing effect. (23) a clinical study of 10 healthy volunteersexamining the effect of opc supplementation on markers of oxidative stressshowed significantly increased levels of alpha-tocopherol in red cell membranes.(24)
anti-inflammatory
opcs from pine bark decrease symptoms ofchronic inflammation. In vitro studies demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects maybe due to inhibition of peroxide generation by macrophages. (25,26) in addition,animal studies demonstrate opcs from grape seed significantly inhibit formationof proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1-beta, and tumor necrosisfactor-alpha. (27)
antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic
opcs possess natural antimutagenic properties when exposed to certain strains of bacteria.(28) although the exact mechanism is not known, an in vitro study found opcsexhibit selective cytotoxicity for certain cancerous cell lines, while remainingnon-toxic to normal human gastric mucosal cells and macrophages. (29) an invitro study in a mouse skin tumor model demonstrated opcs' inhibition of twomarkers of tumor promotion. (30)
safety
grape seed extract is safe.