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Contact Supplierbefore hides are tanned, the flesh and epidermis are removed by either hand or machine scraping. About 45 % of the weight of the hide is wasted: 5 to 10 % as waste hair, 5 to 10 % as dissolved proteins, 15 % as fleshings and trimmings and 15 % as splits. A fresh cattle hide contains 64 % water, 33 % protein, 2 % fat, 0.5 % mineral salts and 0.5 % other substances. The protein is composed mostly of collagen (88 %) and the rest is keratin (6 %), nonstructural protein (5 % of albumins. Globulins, etc.). And elastin (0.9 %). To make leather, the tanner removes most of the noncollagenous materials . Leather scraps associated with the production of various leather products can be collected and hydrolyzed in a similar manner to poultry feathers. The by-product from this process is usually used as fertilizer, but it can be solvent extracted, dried and ground to a meal for animal feeding. And used as a supplemental protein source for livestock.