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Of the flanges discussed, the orifice flange is the only one that actually performs a function. The function of the orifice flange is to measure the rate of the flow of the commodity through the piping system. Orifice flanges are easy to recognize because they have a hole drilled through the face of the flange perpendicular to the pipe. They also have an additional set of bolts called jack screws. These screws are used to help separate the flanges so inspection and/or replacement of the orifice plate can be performed. The orifice flange is a single component of the orifice flange union assembly (Figure 4.26). The orifice flange union is composed of two orifice flanges, an orifice plate, bolts, nuts, jack screws, and two gaskets. A representation of an unbolted and separated orifice flange union assembly is depicted in Figure 4.27.
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