Civil/MS FRP Small Effluent Treatment Plant, Power Source : Electric

A Small Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) is a compact system designed to treat and purify smaller volumes of wastewater generated by small industries, commercial establishments, or residential communities. It efficiently removes contaminants through a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes to ensure the treated water meets environmental discharge or reuse standards.

Common Components and Their Functions

• Screening and Pre-Treatment: Removal of large solids and debris using bar screens or mesh screens to protect downstream equipment.

• Equalization Tank: Balances flow and pollutant load fluctuations, stabilizing the wastewater characteristics for uniform treatment.

• Chemical Dosing and Coagulation: Addition of chemicals like alum, ferrous sulfate, or polymers to aggregate fine suspended particles into larger flocs.

• Primary Clarification: Settling tanks where flocculated solids settle down as sludge.

• Biological Treatment: Aerobic processes such as Activated Sludge Process (ASP), Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR), or Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) break down organic pollutants.

• Secondary Clarification: Separates biological sludge from clarified water; sludge is recirculated or wasted.

• Tertiary Treatment: Filters like pressure sand filters or activated carbon filters remove residual solids, color, and odor.

• Disinfection: UV or chlorination to eliminate pathogens in the treated effluent.

• Sludge Management: Sludge thickening, dewatering (using filter presses or drying beds), and safe disposal.

Advantages of Small ETPs

• Compact footprint suitable for limited space.

• Cost-effective and customizable according to wastewater volume and pollutant load.

• Provides environmentally compliant treated water suitable for discharge or non-potable reuse.

• Low operational and maintenance requirements suitable for small-scale applications.

Applications

• Small to medium industries like textiles, food processing, and pharmaceuticals.

• Residential complexes, hotels, and commercial buildings.

• Institutional setups such as schools and hospitals.

In summary, a Small Effluent Treatment Plant integrates essential treatment stages in a compact, cost-effective system ensuring effective wastewater treatment and environmental compliance on a smaller scale.