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The hot fluid is hot water obtained from a water heater, which flows through the inner tube and cold fluid i.e. cold water flows through outer tubes. The hot water flows always in one direction while direction of cold water can be changed parallel or counter to hot water so that unit can be operated as parallel or counter flow heat exchanger. The temperature and flow rate of water are measured and heat transfer rate, LMTD, heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness of heat exchanger can be calculated.
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Heat exchanger-
2) Valve arrangement for parallel flow/counter flow operation & flow control.
3) Water heater to obtain hot water, 3 Kw capacity with safety thermostat.
4) Multichannel Digital Temp.Indicator to measure inlet and out let temperatures of hot and cold water.
5) Rotameters for water flow measurement.
The unit is mounted over a sturdy frame.
The unit is provided with antirust and attractive powder coating.
A technical manual accompanies the unit.
At particular radius of insulation over a cylinder, loss of heat is maximum. The Swarg Systems & Instruments unit consists of G.I. pipes provided with plaster of paris insulation of different thickness on outside surface. Four pipes are provided with heater inside having input control. Input to heaters is measured by common voltmeter and ammeter. By controlling input to heaters, it is shown that critical radius of insulation is ratio of thermal conductivity and outside heat transfer co-efficient.
SPECIFICATIONS
1) G.I. Pipes with cartridge electrical heater inside 4 Nos.
2) Insulation over the pipes of different thickness.
3) Controls and Measurements.
i ) Dimmer stat to control input to the heaters 4 Nos.
ii) A voltmeter and ammeter to measure inputs to heater.
iii) Digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures across insulation.
iv) Necessary switches and controls.
Tank is made of acrylic sheets, at the both ends of which are attached the electrodes. D C supply is connected to the electrodes. The temperatures in heat conduction are analogous to voltages at corresponding points. Salt water filled in tank acts as conducting medium. The temperature drop corresponds to voltage drop & voltage with reference to one electrode is measured. The current through electrical circuit is analogous to flow of heat, Q and the electrical resistance corresponds to thermal resistance. By putting separators in the separators in the tank across the current (i.e. heat) flow, composite walls models can also be simulated, & thus conduction can be studied by relating electrical parameters to thermal parameters.
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Transparent Tanks
a) For plain composite wall model.
b) For corner of L shaped composite wall model.
2) Separators for above tanks 2 nos. for each tank.
3) 9 V DC supply source.
4) Voltmeter 0-10 volts, L. C. 0.1 volts.
5) Milli ammeter 0-100 MA
6) Probes and electrodes for measurement of total voltage and intermediate voltages.
A technical manual describing operating procedure and sample examples accompanies the unit.
The Swarg Systems & Instruments heat pump is a compact, self contained unit. It uses R-12 refrigerant and a hermetically sealed compressor. (Refrigerant R-134A can also be supplied, instead of R-12) Both the condenser and evaporator are continuous water circulated. Flow of water in condenser and evaporator and of liquid refrigerant are measured by rotameters. Energy input to compressor is also measured and balance of heat added during the cycle and heat removed by the condenser can be checked. Also actual, theoretical and Carnot COPs of system can be determined and principle of energy conservation by heat pump can also be studied. Heat transfer coefficients on coils of condenser and evaporator can also be studied.
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Compressor Hermetically sealed, having capacity of 1/3 ton of refrigeration (approx). using R-12 refrigerant. (Or R-134A refrigerant.)
2) Condenser & Evaporator Continuous flow water circulated coils with insulation outside.
3) Thermostatic expansion valves of suitable capacity.
4) Rotameter for liquid refrigerant flow measurement.
5) Rotameters for water flow measurements 2 nos.
6) Energy meter for compressor input measurement.
7) Thermometers for measurements of temperature at various points in the cycle 4 nos.
8) Pressure gauges for condensing & evaporating pressure (i.e. high & low pressure)
9) Ammeter for compressor current
10) Controls and safety
The Swarg Systems & Instruments unit provides acompleteunit for evacuating and charging a refrigeration system.it consists of two gas cylinders, two gas ghargers with glass, a vacuum pump, filter/drier, valves and gauges.The vacuum pump evacuates the system and the required quantity of gas can be charged in the system.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Gas Cylinders
2. Gas chargers with purging valve. And Mass scale- 1 each for R- 12 and R-22.
3. Vacuum pump Oil sealed high vacuum pump Driven by single phase A.C. motor.
4. Pressure gauges for gas chargers 2 nos.
5. vacuum gauge 1 no.
6. Filter/drier 1 no.
7. Charging pipe 1 no.
8. Necessary valves and piping.
Hot air is obtained by passing air over a bank of finned tubes. The air then flows to heat exchanger section i. e. a bank of finned tubes. Hot air flows through tubes while cold air flows over the tubes at right angle to hot air. The experiments can be conducted over various air flow rates and air temperatures to determine LMTD, heat transfer rates and effectiveness of heat exchanger.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Heat Exchanger finned tubes. 17mm I.D., 20mm. O. D., 0.5mtr. long tube with 50mm. O. D. fins 25 Nos.
2. Centrifugal blower on hot and cold sides.
3. Finned air heaters 1 Kw each 3nos.
4. Air flow control arrangement at blower suction.
5. Multichannel Digital temperature indicator to measure temperature of air at inlet and outlet of heat exchanger.
Hydraulic Ram is a device used for pumping small quantity of water high head, when large quantity of water at small head is available. It does not require any external energy. The Swarg Systems & Instruments apparatus consists of a supply tank to which a valve chamber and delivery chamber is connected. Various measurements are provided so that performance of ram can be evaluated.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Supply tank 500 lits capacity, with supply head to run 1mtr.
2. Supply piping 50 mm NB
3. Waste valve, delivery valve and air vessel fitted at the end of supply pipe. Delivery pipe 15mm NB, discharge head 1.5 mtr.
4. Discharge measurement tank.
5. Water meter for measuring inlet water flow.
6. In case of non-availability of sufficient water supply, recirculating type unit can also be supplied.
A technical manual accompanies the unit.
The unit provided with and attractive & rust proof powder coating.
SERVICES REQUIRED
1) Water supply through 25 mm NB supply pipe.
2) Suitable drainage arrangement.
3) Space area of about 4m x 2m.
The Swarg Systems & Instruments unit enables the students to study the ice plant cycle within a short period. The trainer consists of a hermetically sealed compressor & the cooling circuit. Ice cans are kept in brine, which is cooled by the refrigerant evaporator. A brine agitator circulates brine over the evaporator and ice cans. The unit is provided with finned tube air cooled condenser. As conventional ice plants take 12-24 hours to complete the cycle, this ice plant is specially designed to demonstrate all the processes of ice formation like bubbles, flakes formation to be complete within one experimental period of 4 hours and hence it is most suitable for laboratory use. It also demonstrates the effect of size of ice can over the time for ice formation.
Also, for long life, both the inner and outer tanks are made of stainless steel.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Hermetically sealed Kirloskar make compressor using R-12 refrigerant, with forced air cooled condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and copper tube evaporator in brine tank.
2. Ice cans immersed in stainless steel brine tank.
3. 150 mm insulation outside the brine tank.
4. Ice making capacity 6 Kg in 4 hours, initially & 6 Kg/2 hours after brine cooling.
5. Measurements & Controls