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Benzalkonium chloride is classified as a Category III antiseptic active ingredient by the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration).
Benzalkonium chloride can be prepared by methylating a blend of fatty acids or a primary amine from fatty acid to produce dimethyl alkylamine. This is further quarternized with benzyl chloride to form benzalkonium chloride. Benzalkonium chloride is soluble in water, alcohol, and acetone.
Benzalkonium chloride is an organic salt that is categorized as a quaternary ammonium compound. Also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, Benzalkonium chloride has 3 main categories of use- as a cationic surfactant, a phase transfer agent, and a biocide. It is highly active against a broad spectrum of fungi, molds, bacteria, and viruses. The chemical is commonly found in various household cleaning products.