Awireless microphone, as the name implies, is amicrophonewithout a physical cable connecting it directly to the sound recording or amplifying equipment with which it is associated. More commonly known as a Radio Microphone, there are many different standards, frequencies and transmission technologies used to replace the microphone's cable connection and make it into a wirelessmicrophone. They can transmit, for example, in radio waves using UHForVHFfrequencies, FM, AM, or various digital modulation schemes. Some low cost models useinfraredlight. Infrared microphones require a direct line of sight between the microphone and the receiver, while costlier radio frequency models do not. Some models operate on a single fixed frequency, but the more advanced models operate on a user selectable frequency to avoid interference, and allow the use of several microphones at the same time.
Advantages:
Greater freedom of movement for the artist or speaker
Avoidance of cabling problems common with wired microphones, caused by constant moving and stressing the cables
Reduction of cable "trip hazards" in the performance space
Disadvantages:
Sometimes limited range (a wired balanced XLR microphone can run up to 300 ft or 100 meters). Some wireless systems have a shorter range, while more expensive models can exceed that distance
Possible interference with or, more often, from other radio equipment or other radio microphones, though models with many frequency-synthesized switch-selectable channels are now plentiful and cost effective
Operation time is limited relative to battery life; it is shorter than a normal condenser microphone due to greater drain on batteries from transmitting circuitry, and from circuitry giving extra features, if present
Noise or dead spots (places where it doesn't work, especially in non-diversity systems)
Limited number of operating microphones at the same time and place, due to the limited number of radio channels (frequencies)
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