Freeze Drying is basically a 3 stage process. In the first stage, the sample is frozen so that the "free" water present is converted to ice, thereby the phase change from liquid to solid is achieved. This stage is known as the PRE-FREEZING step. In the second stage of the freeze drying process, the ice formed in the pre-freezing step is removed from the sample by the direct conversation of the ice (solid phase) to a vapor (vapor phase), without passing through a liquid phase, by a process called sublimation. This stage is known as the PRIMARY DRYING step. A comprehensive range of large capacity floor standing research, process development and small scale production freeze dryers offering. Sophistication with Simplicity of operation with condenser temperatures to -95 °C and pre freeze to -80 °C for bulk or vial drying to 1.2 m². A complete range of basic bench top and large capacity research and laboratory freeze dryers offering Sophistication with Simplicity of operation with condenser temperatures to -110 °C and a wide range of high quality chambers and accessories.

Freeze Drying is basically a 3 stage process. In the first stage, the sample is frozen so that the "free" water present is converted to ice, thereby the phase change from liquid to solid is achieved. This stage is known as the PRE-FREEZING step. In the second stage of the freeze drying process, the ice formed in the pre-freezing step is removed from the sample by the direct conversation of the ice (solid phase) to a vapor (vapor phase), without passing through a liquid phase, by a process called sublimation. This stage is known as the PRIMARY DRYING step. A comprehensive range of large capacity floor standing research, process development and small scale production freeze dryers offering. Sophistication with Simplicity of operation with condenser temperatures to -95 °C and pre freeze to -80 °C for bulk or vial drying to 1.2 m². A complete range of basic bench top and large capacity research and laboratory freeze dryers offering Sophistication with Simplicity of operation with condenser temperatures to -110 °C and a wide range of high quality chambers and accessories.