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The seeds are usually about 1 or 2 mm in diameter. Mustard seeds may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are important spices in many regional foods. Mustard seeds have been used since time immemorial. Mustard seeds are one of the oldest known spices, having been used in China and Rome for thousands of years for cooking, and as condiments. They are used extensively in India, with the entire plant in general being important.
Mustard seeds are from the mustard plant, which surprisingly belong to the cruciferous plant family (vegetable from the family include cauliflower & broccoli ) The seeds can come from three different plants: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown Indian mustard (B. juncea), and white mustard Also known as brassica nigra, nigra being the Latin word for black. Brassica juncea L. (rai) was originally introduced from China into northeastern India, from where it has extended into Afghanistan via Punjab. Eastern Afghanistan, together with the adjoining northwestern India is one of the independent centers of origin of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson).
The seeds have wonderful health benefits like lowering cholesterol, controlling diabetes, easing bronchitis, and preventing cervical and oral cancer.
Economic importance• Mustard is important edible oilseed, oil content of the seeds ranges from 38- 46%.
• The seed and oil are used as a condiment in the preparation of pickles and for flavoring curries and vegetables.
• The oilcake is mostly used as cattle feed.
• The leaves of young plants are used as a green vegetable.
• The use of mustard oil for industrial purposes is limited on account of its high cost.