As integrated circuits and their components continue to scale downward, the dimensions of metal interconnects and contacts between components are also shrinking. One result is that the resistance in these connectors is increasing. To achieve more compact, faster electronic devices, resistance must be kept to a minimum so that further scaling is feasible. The slowing effect produced by this higher resistance is often referred to as resistance-capacitance delay (or RC delay) and affects circuits in a variety of ways. Among its undesirable effects, RC delay can degrade the speed at which data are written to and read from DRAM structures via the bitline. In addition, higher resistance leads to higher power consumption, an undesirable side effect for mobile technologies.
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