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Black pepperis the fruit of the black pepper plant from thePiperaceaefamily and is used as both a spice and a medicine. The chemical piperine, which is present in black pepper, causes the spiciness. It is native to Kerala, the southern state of India. Since ancient times, black pepper is one of the most widely traded spices in the world. It is not considered a seasonal plant and is therefore available throughout the year. When dried, this plant-derived spice is referred to as a peppercorn, and is then ground into a powder to be put on food to add flavor and spice.
Because of its antibacterial properties, pepper is also used to preserve food. It is a rich source of manganese, iron, potassium, vitamin-C, vitamin K, and dietary fiber. Black pepper is also a very good anti-inflammatory agent.Health Benefits of Black Pepper are,
Chili peppers, despite their fiery hotness, are one of very popular spices known for their medicinal and health benefiting properties. The chili, actually, is a fruit pod from the plant belonging to the nightshade family (Solanaceae), within the genus, capsicum.
Scientific name:Capsicum annum.Some of other common members in the Solanaceae family are tomato, aubergine , potato , etc.
The chili plant is native to Central American region where it was employed as one the chief spice ingredients in Mexican cuisine for centuries. It was later introduced to the rest of the world by Spanish and Portuguese explorers during 16th and 17th centuries, and today grown widely in many parts of the world as an important commercial crop.
Several cultivars of chili peppers are grown all around the world.Chili plantis asmall, perennial shrub with woody stem, growing up to a meter in height. It bears white flowers which subsequently develop into fruit pods of variablesize, shape, color, and pungency. Depending on the cultivar type, their hotness ranges from mild, fleshy (Mexican bell peppers) tofiery, tiny, Nag Jalokiyachili peppers ofIndian subcontinent. The hotness of chili is measured in Scoville heat units (SHU). On the Scoville scale, a sweet bell pepper scores 0, a jalapeo pepper around 2, 500-4, 000 units, and a Mexican habaeros may have 200, 000 to 500, 000 units.
Inside, each fruit features numerous tiny, white, or cream colored, circular, flat seeds which clinging around the central white-placenta.
To harvest, chilies can be picked up while they are green, or when they reach complete maturity and dry on the plant itself. In general, the fruits are ready for harvesting once they mature and turn red. They are then left to dry under sun and srink in size.
Chilies have a strong spicy taste that comes to them from the active alkaloid compounds:capsaicin, capsanthinandcapsorubin.Health benefits of chili peppers
birds eye chilliThey belong to the species Capsicum annuum, commonly found in Southeast Asia. Birds eye chilli can also be found in India, in Meghalaya and Kerala where it is used in traditional dishes. It is also a main ingredient in kochchisambal, a salad made using freshly scraped coconut ground with birds eye chillies and seasoned with salt and lemon juice. It is used extensively in Thai, Lao, Khmer, Indonesian, and Vietnamese cuisine too.
How spicy are they ?Measuring 50, 000-100, 000 scovilles, this tiny chilli originated in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, The Philippines, and surrounding countries, but they can now be found all over the world. They are presumably called Birds Eye Chilli because of their small round shape and because they have been spread by birds. The Birds Eye is generally red at maturity, but may also be yellow, purple or black. They are very popular in cuisine from the areas mentioned above, and they add quite a punch to many types of dishes, including pastas, soups, sauces, dips, and more.
Health benefits of these chillies
Jamaican pepperorpimento, is one of the widely used spice in the Mexican and other Central American cuisines. This spice corn actually is a dried unripe fruit obtained from an evergreen tropical shrub belonging to theMyrtaceaefamily, in the genus:pimento. Scientific name:Pimenta dioica.
The pimento tree is native to tropical evergreen rain forest of Central American region and Caribbean islands. Generally, the plant starts bearing fruits after about five years of implantation.
Unripe green berries, generally, picked up from the tree when they reach full size. The corns are then subjected to dry under sunlight thoroughly. Thus shriveled berries which appear similar to that of brown peppercorns, measure about 6 mm in diameter but contain two seeds unlike peppercorns, which have only one centrally placed seed.
Ground allspice has strong spicy taste and aroma that closely resemble a mixture of black-pepper, nutmeg, cloves, and cinnamon.
Health benefits of Allspice
