In process engineering plants such as refineries with exposed building parts or extensive water management systems, surge events can cause disastrous consequences: from damage or destruction of expensive components and machines to breakdown of complete automation systems—not including risks to personnel.

In process engineering plants such as refineries with exposed building parts or extensive water management systems, surge events can cause disastrous consequences: from damage or destruction of expensive components and machines to breakdown of complete automation systems—not including risks to personnel.