Universal Testing Machine

Machine used in materials science to determine the properties of a material. Machines have been devised to measure tensile strength, strength in compression, shear, and bending (see strength of materials), ductility, hardness, impact strength (see impact test), fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. Standardization of machines and tests is the province of the International Organization for Standardization.
Materials testing, measurement of the characteristics and behavior of such substances as metals, ceramics, or plastics under various conditions. The data thus obtained can be used in specifying the suitability of materials for various applications—e.g., building or aircraft construction, machinery, or packaging. A full- or small-scale model of a proposed machine or structure may be tested. Alternatively, investigators may construct mathematical models that utilize known material characteristics and behavior to predict capabilities of the structure.
 Type of Testing
ü Universal test, ü Tensile Test, ü Elongation Test, ü Strain Test, ü Stress Test and Bending