Sustainable cities, urban sustainability, oreco-city(alsoecocity) is a city designed with consideration forsocial, economic, environmental impact(commonly referred to as thetriple bottom line), and resilient habitat for existing populations, without compromising the ability of future generations to experience the same. TheUN Sustainable Development Goal 11defines sustainable cities as those that are dedicated to achieving green sustainability, social sustainabilityand economic sustainability. They are committed to doing so by enabling opportunities for all through a design focused on inclusivity as well as maintaining a sustainable economic growth. The focus also includes minimizing required inputs of energy, water, and food, and drastically reducingwaste, output of heat, air pollutionCO2, methane, andwater pollution. Richard Register first coined the term
ecocityin his 1987 book
Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future, where he offers innovative city planning solutions that would work anywhere.Other leading figures who envisioned sustainable cities arearchitectPaul F Downton, who later founded the company Ecopolis Pty Ltd, as well as authorsTimothy BeatleyandSteffen Lehmann, who have written extensively on the subject. The field ofindustrial ecologyis sometimes used in planning these cities.The UN Environment Programme calls out that most cities today are struggling withenvironmental degradation, traffic congestion, inadequate urban infrastructure, in addition to a lack of basic services, such as water supply, sanitation, and waste management. A sustainable city should promote economic growth and meet the basic needs of its inhabitants, while creating sustainable living conditions for all.Ideally, a sustainable city is one that creates an enduring way of life across the four domains ofecology, economics, politicsandculture. TheEuropean Investment Bankis assisting cities in the development of long-term strategies in fields including renewable transportation, energy efficiency, sustainable housing, education, andhealth care. The European Investment Bank has spent more than 150 billion in bettering cities over the last eight years.Cities occupy just 3 percent of the Earths land but account for 60 to 80 percent of energy consumption and at least 70 percent of carbon emissions. Thus, creating safe, resilient and sustainable cities is one of the top priorities of theSustainable Development Goals.The Adelaide City Councilstates that socially sustainable cities should be equitable, diverse, connected, democratic, and provide a good quality of life. Priorities of a sustainable city include the ability to feed itself with a sustainable reliance on the surrounding natural environment and the ability to power itself withrenewable sources of energy, while creating the smallest conceivableecological footprintand the lowest quantity ofpollutionachievable. All of this is to be accomplished by efficiently using the land in ways such ascompostingused materials, recycling, and/or convertingwaste-to-energy. The idea is that these contributions will lead to a decrease of thecitys impact on climate change.Today, 55 percent of the world is estimated to be living inurban areasand theUnited Nationsestimates that by the year 2050, that number will rise to 70 percent.These large communities provide both challenges and opportunities forenvironmentally-consciousdevelopers. There are distinct advantages to further defining and working towards the goals of sustainable cities.
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